Extremism: Responses Flashcards
Organisations that respond to extremism
NATO, UN, EU
(North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, United Nations, European Union)
Why does NATO respond?
NATO recognises extremism as a critical security challenge that fuels terrorism and destabilises regions.
Why does the UN respond?
The UN aims to maintain worldwide peace and security, this cannot be achieved if extremism continues to be an issue.
Why does the EU respond?
The EU aims to ensure Europe’s sustainable and steady development, extremism directly affects this aim.
NATO responses
Cybersecurity, intelligence sharing, working with partner nations
UN responses
Prevention, rehabilitation, fostering resilience
EU responses
New legislation, intelligence sharing, enhanced border security
NATO cybersecurity example
Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence
NATO intelligence sharing example
Defence Against Terrorism Programme of Work
NATO working with partner nations example
Capacity building in Iraq (2023)
UN prevention example
UN development programme, Preventing Violent Extremism (PVE)
UN rehabilitation example
UN development programme has implemented rehabilitation projects in Iraq
UN fostering resilience example
Resilience for the Peace Initiative (launched in 2022)
EU new legislation example
Action Plan on Preventing Radicalisation (2020-2027)
EU intelligence sharing example
Intelligence sharing led to 380 individuals being arrested in 2022 for extremism-related offences
EU enhanced border security example
Schengen Information System tracks individuals suspected of extremist activities
NATO successes
Enhanced regional security, improved cyber resilience
UN successes
Preventing recruitment, global cooperation
EU successes
Improved prevention frameworks, enhanced collaboration
NATO failures
Persistent extremist threats, resource allocation issues
UN failures
Persistent root causes, limited reach
EU failures
Online extremist presence, limited reach of programmes
Consequences of success
Extremist attacks prevented, global cooperation, prevented radicalisation
Consequences of failures
Extremism continues to pose a threat, adaption by extremist groups, continued radicalisation
Extremist attacks prevented example
In 2022 efforts from the EU led to 380 individuals being arrested for extremism-related offences
Global cooperation (extremism success) example
Since 2023, shared data such as fingerprints, palm prints, and DNA has helped to identify people involved in extremism
Prevented radicalisation example
The UK’s Prevent strategy works to prevent people from becoming involved in extremist activity, and also makes it harder for extremist groups to operate
Extremism continues to pose a threat example
In 2022, 16 extremist attacks were completed in the EU
Adaption by extremist groups example
Despite legislation, TikTok, X, and other social media sites remain hotspots for extremist activity
Continued radicalisation example
The extremist group Taliban retook over Afghanistan in 2021
Military attempts to solve extremism
Counter-ISIS operations, drone attacks, Israeli military action
Counter-ISIS operations example
In 2015, NATO bombed ISIS targets in Syria and Iraq
Drone attacks example
The USA and Russia have both conducted drone attacks to target locations that are considered to be ISIS strongholds
Israeli military action example
Israel has conducted air strikes and ground operations in response to extremist organisations and militant groups in Gaza
