extraversion and neuroticism Flashcards
what is an example of high and low neuroticism?
low: don’t worry and are less anxious
high: answer questions like i get stressed out easily.
Smilie 2013- suggested what about extraversion?
extraversion is moderately heritable and observed in several cultures so we can assume is a basic human characteristic.
what are some of the correlates of extraversion?
salary, sports, interest in sex, smiling, sociability, interest in fame and competitiveness.
is there benefits to being lower in extraversion?
those who are high in extraversion have more health risks as they partake in more sex, less likely to be faithful which breaks down relationships.
there is no associations between extraversion and…
morality- they are no judgement on moral character.
what is another cost of high extraversion?
possibilities for a conflict or a need for high risk activities.
what correlates with neuroticism?
health, depression, stress and hassles, relationship dissatisfaction, self-esteem, worry and anxiety disorders.
is high neuroticism always a bad thing?
fewer accidents in adulthood, not doing dangerous stuff, neuroticism-related striving- increased performance in university students and successful in professional occupations.
what is personality neuroscience?
seeks to identify explanatory mechanisms that underlie individual differences in traits at a neural level.
eysenck focused on underpinning what factors in the traits?
biological- recognised the significance of both environmental and biological factors. Three factors: psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism.
what are some of the flaws within in Eysenck’s research.
didn’t do good research proven to be incorrect with his ideas, he supported race science and far-right wing outlets.
what is arousal theory?
important biological determinant of extraversion is ocrtical arousion, importnace of the ascending reticular activating system.
what is the ascending reticular activating system?
mediates the change from deep sleep to wakefulness, it essentially controls the amount of electrical activity that takes place in the cortex.
hwo does the ARA system correlate to extraversion?
low E scorers are muc more physiologically active than those with high E, as those with high E seek out more pleasurable levels and stimulation because there system is habitually less active.
indirect evidence
Claridge et al (1981) found that those with low E required what to be made unconscious?
higher dose of sedative drugs which links to the concept that they have more physiological arousal.
jeffreys grays reinforcement sensitivity theory proposed what two dimensions
BAS (behavioural activation system) and BIS (behavioural inhibition system).
BAS responses to what kinds of cues?
regards which links to the dopaminergic system.
BIS responds to what kinds of stimuli?
stimuli that one needs/desires but contain potential threat- which creates a conflict.
what is FFF system?
fight-flight-freeze system: responds to threatening stimuli and is linked to brain areas like the amygdala.
the current working hypothesis about anxiety is that?
labelled as puncishment sensitivity which relates to the FFF system and BIs and is essentially neuroticism.
extraversion is a variation in the responsiveness in what system
the positive emotion system.
neuroticism is the variation of responsiveness in what system
negative emotion system
those who are higher on E showed what type of change in the mood induction experiment?
strong positive change in the positive mood induction, extraverts were not sensitive towards punishment signals.
extraversion and neuroticism are relativiely what (un regards to the systems)
relatively independent.
