Extras Flashcards
What is a red flag?
An indicator of a serious underlying pathology
Would advise patient to seek urgent medical attention and refer them to A&E
e.g. neurological disorders, tumours, cauda equina, persistent unexplained pain, unable to sleep, drop attacks
What is an orange flag?
Equivalent of red flags for mental health and psychological problems
e.g. personality disorders, substance abuse, clinical depression
What is a yellow flag?
Psychosocial problems
Aspects of the person, their problem and their social context and how these will affect recovery and progress
e.g. unhelpful beliefs about pain, worry/fear/anxiety, avoidance of activities
What is a blue flag?
Perceptions about the relationship between work and health
e.g. work is too onerous and will cause further injury, unsupportive supervisor and workmates
What is a black flag?
Legal obstacles
e.g. insurance, heavy work with little opportunity for modification, legislation restricting options for returning to work
What risk assessment must you consider?
Introduce yourself - physiotherapy student
Ask patient name, address, what they’d like to be called
Ask if they would mind removing clothing
Ask for consent to carry out examination
Wash hands
Make sure pt is stable when doing tests
Make sure plinth at correct height for your back
Make sure pt is stable when on plinth - 3 points of contact
Ask pt to remove shoes and socks during assessment
Safe handling - hand on back whilst raising plinth etc
Your position - don’t want to be bending over all the time
Warn pt assessment might provoke symptoms - start on unaffected side
Avoid unnecessary repositioning of pt
What does AROM measure?
Movement of joint provided entirely by individual performing exercise
Used to detect possible symptoms, their location, quality and intensity
Important to look for compensatory movements from other parts of the body
Tests for involvement of contractile and inert structures e.g. muscles
What does PROM measure?
Test movements which are found to provoke symptoms during AROM
Movement applied to a joint solely by another person
Bring joint to end of range, can also apply overpressure
Tests for end feels and involvement of only inert structures e.g. ligaments, tendons
What is Isometric MMT?
Used to assess progress over time
Only tests contractile structures
Can be used when pt does not have full ROM
What is Oxford Grading?
Used to assess progress over time
0 - no movement 1 - flicker of movement 2 - full ROM eliminating gravity 3 - full ROM against gravity 4 - full ROM with moderate resistance 5 - full ROM with full resistance
What are SIN factors?
S = severity, degree to which symptoms restrict movement/function, intensity of symptoms e.g. VAS score
I = irritability, how easily the symptoms are to exacerbate, how long it takes symptoms to subside
N = nature, type of condition, tissues/structures causing symptoms e.g. soft tissue, bone
What is a functional assessment?
2nd step of objective exam after observations
Get information about quality of movement, pain during movement, AROM and muscle strength
Important to choose activities which occur during daily living - the ones your pt is having problems with
Chronic
Conditions present for 7 weeks or more
Acute
Conditions have been present for 7-10 days
Subacute
Conditions present for 10 days - 7 weeks
