extras Flashcards
(33 cards)
what is the limbic systems role in aggression?
the limbic system is made up of the hypothalamus, amygdala, and parts of the hyppocampus. its linked to emotional behaviours including aggression.
what is the amygdalas role in aggression? what research supports its role?
the amygdala has a key role in how we assess and respond to environmental threats, research using fMRI scans showed when participants were midly provoked there was reactivity on the amygdela. drugs reducing the autonomous systems reactivity reduced the amygdalas response subsiquently reduced aggression
what is serotonins affect on aggression?
serotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter (it slows neural activity) normal levels of serotonin in the orbitofrontal cortex are linked to reduce neuron firing and as a result, better self control. decreased serotonin disrupts this leading to impulsive behaviour
what research supports the serotonin-aggression link?
drugs increasing serotonin also reduce aggression, with participants giving fewer and less intence shocks to a confed compared to a placebo group
what does the MAOA gene do?
controls the production of the MAO-A enzyme which regulates serotonin.
what is culteral relitivism?
the idea that behaviour only makes sense in the context of the norms and values of the culture it appears in
what is ethnocentrism?
a form of culture bias in which one believes their own cultural group is superiour to the others, norms and values are applied to these other cultures eg in the strange situation
what two things are part of the interactionist approach in the nature nurture debate?
the diathesis-stress model
epigenetics
what validity issues are there for the diagnosis of schizophrenia?
two psychiatrists independently assessed the same 100 patients using the ICD-10 and DSM-5, 68 were diagnoses with the ICD and 39 with the DSM. this suggests that schizophrenia is either under or over diagnosed so the diagnostic systems credibility is low.
what are the biological explanations for schizophrenia?
the genetic basis - shown in family studies, candidate genes are identified and the role of mutation
neural correlates with the origional and updated dopamine hypothisis
what other neurotransmitter was identified to be involved in schizophrenia
glutimate, meaning the dopamine hypothisis is flawed, scanning and post mortems have shown raised glutimate levels, meaning its not just dopamine involved
name one typical an two atypical antipsychotics
typical: chlorpromazine
atypical: clozapine and risperidone
how could a cognitive behavioural therapist help someone with schizophrenia?
teaching the client where the symptoms come from - reduces fear eg malfunctioning speech center
normalising symptoms - extention of inner voice
challanging delusions by realty testing - ask for proof
tackle accompanying depression
what is an IRM and FAP (name the features of a FAP)
an innate release mechinism, an inbuild physiological structure triggered by an environmental stimulus to release a fixed action pattern. FAPs have to be:
- stereotyped, unchanging behaviours
- universal, same throughout the species
- ballistic, once triggered always follows through
- single purpose, only happens in a spesific situ
- a response to an identifiable stimulus
what are the two male retention stratergies?
direct guarding - vigelence over behaviour, asking who theyve been seeing etc
negitive inducements - issuing threats, eg ill kms if you leave me
what is one strength of reductionism?
its a scientific approach, they often use operationalised variables in lab studies to break down the target behaviour into its parts. this means that experiments are often reliable and objective.
what research support is there for the family dysfunction explanation of schizophrenia?
adults with schizophrenia are disrpoporionately more likely to have an insecure attachment style, and 69% of women and 59% of men also with a history of physical/sexual abuse
whats a limitation of the cognitive explanations of schizophrenia?
they only explan whats happening ‘now’ to produce the symptoms and doesnt focus of the initial cause of the condition, they dint adress how the family traumas and genetics may cause the dysfunctional thinking
what evidence is there for the effectivenes of CBT and family therapy?
CBT: reviews on 34 studies showed small but significant improvement for the severity and frequency of both symptoms, NICE reccomends it for those with SZ
family:classed as the most constnatly effective treatment for SZ, with reduced relapse rates NICE also recoments everyone wth SZ to go to family therapy and is benificial to all severities of SZ
how many people does kleinfelters and turners syndrome affect?
kleinfelters: 1/600
turners: 1/5000
what is a girls double-resentment to her mother?
- shes in competition with her mother for her fathers love
- she believes her mother castrated her, so its her fault the girl has no penis
what is cultural psychology?
the study of how people are shaped by their cultural experience
what is ethnic stereoytping? refer to research
beliefs about a cultural groups often leading to prejudice.
when the first IQ tests were developed they were made in the US with US spesific questions, when other cultures took ad failed these IQ tests because of the poor questions on them, they were deemed mentally unfit/ feeble minded (leading to misconseptions about them being thick)
what research support can be used for epigenetics in a nature/nurture discussion?
in WW2 the Naziz blocked food to the Dutch, babies born at this time had low birth weight and were twice as likely to develop SZ
