Extras Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of latanoprost?
For glaucoma - Prostaglandin analogue which acts as a prostanoid selective FP receptor agonist. This reduces intraocular pressure by increasing the outflow of aqueous humour.
What is glaucoma?
A collective term for optic neuropathies characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. This causes optic nerve damage and patchy vision loss.
What do high urea levels but normal eGFR and creatinine clearance mean?
Pre-renal failure, dehydration or GI bleed.
What is a normal creatinine clearance?
110 to 150mL/min in males
100 to 130mL/min in females.
What is a normal eGFR value?
> 90
What is a low eGFR?
60-89 = mildly low, may indicate kidney damage or early kidney disease
<60 = moderate-severe kidney disease
<15 = kidney failure
What clinical observations and tests indicate fluid in the lungs?
Chest crackling at bottom of lungs.
Chest x-ray shows shadow at bottom of lungs.
Why can’t diuretics be taken in COPD?
Can worsen carbon dioxide retention in hypoventilating patients and worsen hypokalaemia if taking corticosteroids for COPD.
What blood results indicate respiratory acidosis?
Acidic blood pH but normal base (HCO3-) levels.
Why might oxygen tanks not be advised for some patients with COPD?
If the patient is still smoking.
Oxygen is a pressurised gas and should not be around open flames due to risk of explosions.
What are Trimbow and Trelegy examples of?
Triple therapy inhalers containing a LABA, LAMA and ICS.
How should potassium be administrated for hypokalaemia?
K+ IV via a peripheral line.
Do not exceed 40mmol/L or 10mmol/hour.
What does high C-reactive protein levels indicate?
inflammation
What is ESR on a blood test?
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate - high values indicate inflammation.
What does DAS28 score stand for?
Disease activity score (for rheumatoid arthritis).
