Extras Flashcards
Includes cellular organelles and cytosol; cytosol contains enzymes that mediate many cytosolic reactions such as glycolysis and fermentation
Cytoplasm
Synthesizes ribosomes:
Nucleolus
Genetic material within the nucleus; consists of DNA and associated proteins in an uncoiled form
Chromatin
Sites of protein synthesis; may be bound to the ER (“bound”) or found within the cytoplasm (“free”)
Ribosomes
Membrane–enclosed sacs that contain oxidative enzymes (e.g., catalase)
Peroxisomes
Paired organelles that are used to organize the mitotic spindles that attach to chromosomes during mitosis
Centrioles
Composed of protein filaments called microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments; provides structural support for the cell
Cytoskeleton
Membrane–enclosed sacs that contain digestive enzymes and extracellular components; function in the breakdown of intracellular molecules
Lysosomes
Synthesizes new proteins destined for the plasma membrane, for lysosomes, or for secretion from the cell
Rough ER
Site where proteins are modified, packaged, and sorted for delivery to other organelles or to the plasma membrane of the cell
Golgi apparatus
In active transport processes, materials often flow from a region of _____ concentration of the material to a region of _____ concentration of the same material.
low; high
True or false: Enzymatic ligand receptors can directly phosphorylate proteins whereas G protein-coupled receptors activate kinases indirectly.
T
A resting membrane potential is essential in the normal function of which of the following type of cells?
Muscle and nerve
The net movement of K+ and Na+ in maintaining the resting membrane potential is partially dependent upon the number of ______ channels.
Leak
Ligands are molecules released from one cell that bind to the receptor of another cell. Which of the following are types of receptors that can bind ligands?
channel-linked, G protein-coupled, enzymatic
Which statements correctly describe the nuclear envelope?
It is continuous with the ER. It contains phospholipids. It is a double membrane. It controls the entry of substances into and out of the nucleus.
The process by which a DNA gene is copied into RNA is called ______.
transcription
_____ is the making of a polypeptide chain from mRNA.
Translation
Which cell type contains no nucleus?
bone and erythrocytes
The process that occurs on ribosomes by which a mRNA transcript is read and a new protein produced is called _____
translation
Copying information from DNA to form an RNA molecule:
transcription
Are daughter cells identical?
yes
DNA is considered the “boss” of the cell because ______.
it directs the synthesis of proteins that carry out body functions
