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Neuro states > Extrapyramidal diseases > Flashcards

Extrapyramidal diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Which is NOT the sign of Parkinson’s disease?
A) resting tremor
B) a rigidity
C) hyperreflexia
D) postural instability

A

C) hyperreflexia

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2
Q

Which territory of the brain is first of all involved in Parkinson’s disease?
A) frontal cortex
B) striatrum
C) pallidum
D) substantia nigra

A

D) substantia nigra

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3
Q

Typical sign(s) of Huntington’s disease:
A) blepharospasm
B) areflexia
C) pyramidal signs
D) dementia

A

D) dementia

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4
Q

The form of the inheritance of Wilson’s disease:
A) autosomal recessive
B) autosomal dominant
C) inherited with the X-chromosome
D) it is not hereditary

A

A) autosomal recessive

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5
Q

The parkinsonic tremor:
A) resting type
B) the intended movements provoke it
C) the lack of tremor excludes the Parkinson’s disease
D) it doesn’t stop during sleep

A

A) resting type

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6
Q

The postural instability in Parkinson’s disease:
A) it is typical from the onset of the disease
B) it appears in the Hoehn–Yahr III. stage
C) it doesn’t happen
D) the Parkinson’s disease is excluded because of this sign

A

B) it appears in the Hoehn–Yahr III. stage

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7
Q

What kind of medication could be effective in essential tremor?
A) anticholinergic drugs
B) vasodilatators
C) dopamin agonists
D) propranolol

A

D) propranolol

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8
Q

Which drug could cause toxic Parkinsonian syndrome?
A) anilin
B) zinc
C) MPTP (heroin derivate)
D) bensol

A

C) MPTP (heroin derivate)

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9
Q

The relative amount of acetyl-choline in the striatum in Parkinson’s disease is:
A) constant
B) elevated
C) decreased
D) there is no acetyl-choline in the striatum

A

B) elevated

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10
Q

The typical sign of the Wilson’s disease is:
A) dystonia
B) doll’s eye phenomenon
C) signs of meningeal irritation
D) the lack of the abdominal skin reflex

A

A) dystonia

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11
Q

The striatonigral degeneration is:
A) a form of the multisystem atrophy
B) brain infarct
C) pathological calcification
D) the cerebellar degeneration is an obligatory sing of it

A

A) a form of the multisystem atrophy

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12
Q

The intentional tremor:
A) the basic sign of the Parkinson’s disease
B) it caused by the damage of the dentato-rubro-thalamic pathway
C) it is decreased, or constant during the intended movements
D) it could be treated with the antiparkinsonic drugs

A

B) it caused by the damage of the dentato-rubro-thalamic pathway

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13
Q

The prevalence of the Parkinson’s disease is approximately:
A) 1–2 patients per 100 000 people
B) 5–10 patients per 100 000 people
C) 10–20 patients per 100 000 people
D) 100–200 patients per 100 000 people

A

D) 100–200 patients per 100 000 people

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14
Q

The focal dystonias (e.g.: blepharospasm):
A) typical in adulthood
B) typical in childhood
C) there are a lot of patients in both of these groups
D) inherited with the X-chromosome

A

A) typical in adulthood

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15
Q

The signs of the Parkinson’s disease:
1) rigidity
2) ataxic gait
3) hypersalivation
4) saccadic speech

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

A

B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct

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16
Q

Used as antiparkinson medication:
1) piracetam
2) selegilin
3) alprazolam
4) bromocriptin

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

A

C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct

17
Q

Protein intake changes levodopa absorption:
1) facilitates
2) doesn’t influence it
3) doesn’t influence the absorption, but slowes the peristalsis
4) worsen because of competitive antagonism

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

A

D) only 4th answer is correct

18
Q

May be the symptom of Huntington’s chorea:
1) chorea
2) dementia
3) agression
4) muscle hypotonia

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

A

E) all of the answers are correct

19
Q

Essential tremor:
1) frequently familial
2) usually occurs in old age
3) characterized by action tremor
4) improves to antiparkinson treatment

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

A

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct

20
Q

Symptomatic orthostatic hypotonia occurs in:
1) Parkinson’s disease
2) Tourette syndrome
3) Shy–Drager syndrome
4) generalized dystonia

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

A

B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct

21
Q

May not cause parkinsonism as a side effect:
1) haloperidol
2) chlorpromazin
3) levomepromazin
4) clozapin

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

A

D) only 4th answer is correct

22
Q

Ballism:
1) may be a symptom of Parkinson’s disease
2) hypertonic hyperkinesis
3) lesion of the fronto-ponto-cerebellar tract is etiological
4) caused by the lesion of subthalamic nucleus

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

A

D) only 4th answer is correct

23
Q

Typical in Wilson’s disease:
1) hepatosplenomegalia
2) Kayser-Fleischer ring
3) decrease of the coeruloplasmin activity
4) myoclonus

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

A

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct

24
Q

Rigor may occur in:
1) Parkinson’s disease
2) vascular parkinsonism
3) Wilson’s disease
4) in the late phase of Huntington’s disease

A) 1st, 2nd and 3rd answers are correct
B) 1st and 3rd answers are correct
C) 2nd and 4th answers are correct
D) only 4th answer is correct
E) all of the answers are correct

A

E) all of the answers are correct

25
Q

Make pairs! Match the diseases and the statements typical to them!
A) Parkinson’s disease
B) Wilson’s disease
C) torticollis
D) chorea minor
E) subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

NEU - 5.26 - botulinum toxin is used in the treatment of this disease
NEU - 5.27 - rheumatic fever causes it
NEU - 5.28 - resting tremor is characteristic
NEU - 5.29 - myoclonic jerks are characteristic
NEU - 5.30 - there is a decrease of coeruloplasmin ativity in this disease

A

26- C
27- D
28- A
29- E
30- B

26
Q

There is a lack of dopamin in Parkinson’s disease, therefore this can be compensated by levodopa treatment.
A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;
B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them;
C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;
D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true
E) both the statement and the explanation are false

A

A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;

27
Q

There is no tremor during voluntary treatment in Parkinson’s disease, because it is ceased by the cerebellar inhibitory pathways.

A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;
B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them;
C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;
D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true
E) both the statement and the explanation are false

A

C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;

28
Q

Parkinson’s disease is predominantly hereditary, as evidenced by the concordance test of monozygotic twins.
A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;
B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them;
C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;
D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true
E) both the statement and the explanation are false

A

E) both the statement and the explanation are false

29
Q

Essential tremor is not reduced by alcohol, therefore alcohol-containing products are not used for treatment.
A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;
B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them;
C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;
D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true
E) both the statement and the explanation are false

A

D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true

30
Q

Essential tremor is associated with disturbance of writing, this subgroup of the essential tremor is the so called writer’s cramp.
A) both the statement and the explanation are true and a causal relationship exists between them;
B) both the statement and the explanation are true but there is no causal relationship between them;
C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;
D) the statement is false, but the explanation itself is true
E) both the statement and the explanation are false

A

C) the statement is true, but the explanation is false;

31
Q

Based on the history, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Resting tremor in the right hand and rigidity in the wrist and elbow has developed in the last few months in a 60-year-old man.
A) essential tremor
B) multiple system atrophy
C) Parkinson’s disease
D) multiple sclerosis
E) cerebellar tumor

A

C) Parkinson’s disease

32
Q

The CT, MR, SPECT and EEG examinations were negative. Based on these findings:
Resting tremor in the right hand and rigidity in the wrist and elbow has developed in the last few months in a 60-year-old man.
A) Parkinson’s disease can be excluded
B) Parkinson’s disease can not be excluded
C) essential tremor is probable
D) multiple system atrophy can be proven
E) multiple sclerosis is probable

A

B) Parkinson’s disease can not be excluded

33
Q

Based on the history, what is the most likely diagnosis?
An 80-year-old woman has complained of hand tremor for years. The tremor occurs during voluntary movement of the hand, therefore she can not write and eat without help.
A) Parkinson’s disease
B) cortical atrophy
C) multiple system atrophy
D) essential tremor
E) based on the symptoms, diagnosis can not be established

A

D) essential tremor

34
Q

The tremor improved after administration of a low-dose propranolol. This confirms the suspicion of the following disease:
An 80-year-old woman has complained of hand tremor for years. The tremor occurs during voluntary movement of the hand, therefore she can not write and eat without help.
A) Parkinson’s disease
B) cortical atrophy
C) multiple system atrophy
D) essential tremor
E) based on the symptoms diagnosis can not be deduced

A

D) essential tremor

35
Q

What are the characteristics of the disease that is associated with tremor during voluntary movement and responds well to propranolol treatment?
An 80-year-old woman has complained of hand tremor for years. The tremor occurs during voluntary movement of the hand, therefore she can not write and eat without help.
A) it is often a familial, hereditary disease (the disease runs very often in the family)
B) it appears only over 60 years
C) anticholinergic drugs can improve the symptoms of the disease
D) physiotherapy is necessary
E) CT result is always negative

A

A) it is often a familial, hereditary disease (the disease runs very often in the family)

Neuro states (6 decks)

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