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BDS2 CDS oral surgery > extractions > Flashcards

extractions Flashcards

1
Q

why is radiographic assessment important before extraction?

A

important anatomy eg.

  • teeth close
  • root curvature
  • sinus
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2
Q

why might teeth be unrestorable?

A 
gross caries
advanced perio
tooth/root fracture
severe tooth surface loss
pulpal necrosis
apical infection
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3
Q

what are the indications for extractions?

A

symptomatic partially erupted teeth
traumatic position
orthodontic indications
interference with constructed dentures

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4
Q

straight upper anterior forceps

A

perfectly straight for upper anterior
canine-canine
central incisors & canines best
tip is wide for laterals

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5
Q

upper universal forceps

A

tip same as upper straight
handle curved
most upper teeth
not molars

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6
Q

why is the handle of upper universal curved?

A

allows further into mouth w/o stretching

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7
Q

upper molar forceps

A

same handle as universal
tip
one side same as universal for palatal root
buccal side surface to engage root
-point in middle to go in gap between buccal roots called beak

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8
Q

how many roots do upper molars have?

A

3

2 buccal, 1 palatal

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9
Q

why is there left and right upper molar forceps?

A

roots of molars are mirror images

cant use same forceps as need to engage furcation on one side

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10
Q

how are lower forceps held?

A

90 degree angle

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11
Q

describe cowhorn

A 
lower
very pointy tips
smooth
no concave edges
not good grip
for extracting with squeezing force
only used in teeth with good furcation and soft bone- younger px
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12
Q

how many roots do lower molars have?

A

2
mesial distal
so anatomy same

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13
Q

upper bayonet 3rd molar forceps

A 
upper posterior
z-shape - allows good reach into mouth
for wisdom teeth 
tip like upper universal
no beak- bad grip
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14
Q

upper bayonet root forceps

A

pointy tip for grabbing roots of upper molars
fractures, if enough root to grab
narrow tip for fine root

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15
Q

where should you stand for lower right quadrant?

A

behind px

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16
Q

where should you stand for lower premolars?

A

behind to the right
direct vision of area
non-dominant hand supports jaw & moves soft tissues

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17
Q

where should you stand for lower left quadrant and all uppers?

A

in front of px, on the right of px

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18
Q

what should you change for upper anteriors?

A

lie px back

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19
Q

what are elevators used for?

A

facilitated extractions
to mobilise before forceps to prevent fracture and easier extraction
always use first

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20
Q

coupland’s elevators

A

3 sizes
bigger number= wider tip
half tip of universal
in correct place & rotate correctly can elevate tooth
if used incorrectly will damage adjacent teeth

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21
Q

cryer’s elevators

A 
par
when holding concave surface facing ceiling, pointing up
right hand= right, left hand = left
point toward each other
to elevate root
eg fractured root
rotate to lift
22
Q

warwick james elevators

A 
pair
like cryers also straight
small couplands
-elevating lower wisdom teeth, small
hold in hands w/ concave facing ceiling, pointing at each other
pointy, but less
23
Q

what are upper roots used for?

A

roots

24
Q

what are upper straights used for?

A

centrals, laterals, canines

25
Q

what are upper left & right used for?

A

molars

26
Q

what are upper 3rd molar bayonette used for?

A

8’s

27
Q

how do you know the difference between upper root and upper universal?

A

upper root have thinner beak than upper universal

28
Q

how do you know the difference between upper straights and upper universal?

A

straights handle in line with beak, forceps straight from handle to tip
universal curved handle and beak at angle to handle

29
Q

what are lower roots used for?

A

retained roots

30
Q

what are lower universals used for?

A

incisors, canines, premolars

31
Q

what are lower molars used for?

A

molars

32
Q

what are lower cowhorn used for?

A

broken down molars

33
Q

how do you tell the dif between lower root vs universal?

A

hold side by side

root much thinner beak

34
Q

how do you tell the dif between lower cowhorn vs molar?

A

hold side by side
cowhorn thin, pincer like beak to get into furcation
molar pointed beak to engage furcation

35
Q

how should a patient be positioned for upper teeth?

A

comfortable height
supine position
45-90 degrees

36
Q

how should a px be positioned for lower teeth?

A

more upright position

0-45 degrees

37
Q

how should the operator be positioned for LR?

A

behind right shoulder

38
Q

how should the operator be positioned for UR, UL, LL?

A

stand in front

on px right side

39
Q

describe extraction technique

A

ensure soft tissues clear of forceps
apply forceps as far down root as possible w/o traumatising gingivae
place thumb and finger of left hand on alveolar bone for support
apply apical pressure
apply movements for extraction
if lower molar support mandible

40
Q

what are the movements for extraction for a multirooted tooth eg molar?

A

figure 8

41
Q

what are the movements for extraction for a single rooted tooth?

A

rotation

42
Q

what are the movements for extraction for multi-rooted premolars?

A

rotation

43
Q

what should you do post-extraction?

A

check tooth apices are intact
check if socket clear
if retained root/bone easy to remove then do so
if not easy call for help
place dampened gauzze in site and as px to bite
leave 5-10 mins then check haemostasis achieved
give post-op instructions
get checked

44
Q

what are luxators used for?

A

to sever and tear pdl

create mobility

45
Q

describe the tip of a luxator

A

rounded

46
Q

what are elevators used for?

A

create space

47
Q

how are elevators used?

A

wedge, lever or wheel/axel

48
Q

describe the tip of an elevator

A

sharp

49
Q

describe warwick james elevators

A

left, straight, right
point inwards
good for wisdom teeth

50
Q

describe cryers elevators

A

left, right

point inwards useful in furcation of molars

51
Q

how should you hold an elevator/luxator

A

palm of hand
curl thumb and fingers round handle
index finger on shank for support & control

52
Q

how should you use a luxator

A

position same as forceps
place left thumb and finger on alveolar bone
-supports bone, prevents fracture, retracts tissues, supports mandible
luxate in buccal sulcus from mesial to distal

BDS2 CDS oral surgery (2 decks)

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