Extracellular Matrix

Question 1

5 Major Functions of the Skeletal System

Answer 1

Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, Blood cell production.

Question 2

Strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to bones and hold them together

Answer 2

Ligaments

Question 3

Strong bands of connective tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones

Answer 3

Tendons

Question 4

A place where two bones come together

Answer 4

Joint/ Articulation

Question 5

These are large molecules consisting of many polysaccharides attaching to and encircling core proteins. They form large aggregates, and can attract and retain large amounts of water between the polysaccharides.

Answer 5

Proteoglycans

Question 6

The extracellular matrix of tendons and ligaments comprises of?

Answer 6

Collagen Fibers (it makes the structures very tough, like ropes or cables)

Question 7

The extracellular matrix of cartilage comprises of?

Answer 7

Collagen and Proteoglycans. (collagen makes cartilage tough, whereas the water-filled proteoglycans make it smooth and resilient)

Question 8

The extracellular matrix of bones comprises of?

Answer 8

Collagen and Minerals, including calcium and phosphate. (The ropelike collagen fibers lend flexible strength to the bone, and the mineral component gives the bone compression.)

Question 9

A rare disorder that results in either too little collagen formation, or poor quality collagen.

Answer 9

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Brittle bone disease)

Question 10

What are the four categories of bone?

Answer 10

long, short, flat, and irregular.

Question 11

These bones are longer than they are wide. This shape enhances their function in movement of appendages.

Answer 11

Long bones. (Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are long bones.)

Question 12

These bones are as wide as they are long. These bones help transfer force between long bones.

Answer 12

Short bones. (ex: bones of the wrist and ankle)

Question 13

These bones have a relatively thin, flattened shape. They are well-suited to providing a strong barrier around soft organs such as the brain and heart.

Answer 13

Flat bones. (ex: certain skull bones, ribs, scapulae, and sternum)

Question 14

These bones have shapes that do not fit readily into the other three categories. These bones tend to have specialized functions, such as providing protection while allowing bending and flexing of certain regions such as the spine.

Answer 14

Irregular bones. (ex: vertebrae and facial bones)

Question 15

A plate where the bones grow in length.

Answer 15

Epiphyseal plate

Question 16

When bone growth stops, the cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and becomes a/an ____________?

Answer 16

Epiphyseal line

Question 17

Each long bone consists of a central shaft, called the ______________, and two ends, each called an ______________?

Answer 17

Diaphysis (“growing between”), Epiphysis (“growing upon”)

Question 18

A thin layer of ____________ covers the ends of the epiphyses where the bones articulate (joins) with other bones.

Answer 18

Articular cartilage

Question 19

A long bone that is still growing has an _________?

Answer 19

Epiphyseal Plate

Question 20

Epiphyseal plate (growth plate) comprises of?

Answer 20

Cartilage, between each epiphysis and the diaphysis.