Extracellular Matrix Flashcards
5 Major Functions of the Skeletal System
Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, Blood cell production.
Strong bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to bones and hold them together
Ligaments
Strong bands of connective tissue that attach skeletal muscles to bones
Tendons
A place where two bones come together
Joint/ Articulation
These are large molecules consisting of many polysaccharides attaching to and encircling core proteins. They form large aggregates, and can attract and retain large amounts of water between the polysaccharides.
Proteoglycans
The extracellular matrix of tendons and ligaments comprises of?
Collagen Fibers (it makes the structures very tough, like ropes or cables)
The extracellular matrix of cartilage comprises of?
Collagen and Proteoglycans. (collagen makes cartilage tough, whereas the water-filled proteoglycans make it smooth and resilient)
The extracellular matrix of bones comprises of?
Collagen and Minerals, including calcium and phosphate. (The ropelike collagen fibers lend flexible strength to the bone, and the mineral component gives the bone compression.)
A rare disorder that results in either too little collagen formation, or poor quality collagen.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Brittle bone disease)
What are the four categories of bone?
long, short, flat, and irregular.
These bones are longer than they are wide. This shape enhances their function in movement of appendages.
Long bones. (Most of the bones of the upper and lower limbs are long bones.)
These bones are as wide as they are long. These bones help transfer force between long bones.
Short bones. (ex: bones of the wrist and ankle)
These bones have a relatively thin, flattened shape. They are well-suited to providing a strong barrier around soft organs such as the brain and heart.
Flat bones. (ex: certain skull bones, ribs, scapulae, and sternum)
These bones have shapes that do not fit readily into the other three categories. These bones tend to have specialized functions, such as providing protection while allowing bending and flexing of certain regions such as the spine.
Irregular bones. (ex: vertebrae and facial bones)
A plate where the bones grow in length.
Epiphyseal plate
When bone growth stops, the cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and becomes a/an ____________?
Epiphyseal line
Each long bone consists of a central shaft, called the ______________, and two ends, each called an ______________?
Diaphysis (“growing between”), Epiphysis (“growing upon”)
A thin layer of ____________ covers the ends of the epiphyses where the bones articulate (joins) with other bones.
Articular cartilage
A long bone that is still growing has an _________?
Epiphyseal Plate
Epiphyseal plate (growth plate) comprises of?
Cartilage, between each epiphysis and the diaphysis.
