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Respiratory 2 > Extracellular > Flashcards

Extracellular Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of extracellular bacteria

A
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Bordetella pertussis
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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2
Q

What are obligate human pathogens that are transmitted person to person?

A

All except pseudomonas

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3
Q

Gram- coccobacillus extracellular bacteria; may be encapsulated (types a-f); found only in human respiratory tract (commensal-normal flora)

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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4
Q

How do you grow H. flu in vitro?

A

Growing H. flu is fastidious (picky) and requires very rich media with hemin

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5
Q

How is H. flu transmitted?

A

respiratory droplets

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6
Q

What are the diseases caused by H. flu?

A 
Meningitis 
Otitis media (common in children)
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7
Q

What vaccines are available for H. flu?

A 
conjugate vaccines
(polysaccharide conjugated to a protein carrier)
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8
Q

most important/worrisome disease caused by H. flu (type b); more frequent in young children yet to be vaccinated; quick onset, death can occur rapidly; fever, altered CNS, seizures, coma

A

meningitis

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9
Q

rare disease caused by H. influenza (type b); swelling of epiglottis that can cause an airway obstruction

A

Epiglottitis

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10
Q

most common disease caused by H. influenzae (nonencapsulated). why?

A

Otitis media (middle ear infection)

  • Anti-polysaccharide antibody is T-cell independent, and T-cell independent responses are inefficient early in life.
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11
Q

What are the virulence factors of H. flu?

A

pili (attachment)
LOS (same as LPS)
maybe capsule

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12
Q

What does the capsule of a type b H. influenzae bacteria have?

A

Polyribosyl phosphate (PRP)

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13
Q

Gram- coccobacillus, extracellular, obligate aerobe that causes Pertussis (whooping cough); found only in human respiratory tract

A

Bordetella pertussis

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14
Q

How do you grow B. pertussis in vitro?

A

fastidious, slow, sensitive to inhibitory factors in media

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15
Q

How is B. pertussis transmitted?

A

respiratory droplets

highly communicable

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16
Q

What is the phase that lasts about 7 days with relatively mild cold-like symptoms, mild cough, rhinorrhea, malais. B. pertussis is most easily detected in this phase.

A

Catarrhal Phase

17
Q

What is the phase that lasts 1-4 weeks with severe, forceful, inspiratory gasp coughing, and leukocytosis. B pertussis is hard to detect in this phase

A

Paroxysmal Phase

18
Q

What is the phase that can last several weeks with less cough and gradual recovery?

A

Convalescent Phase

19
Q

What are the virulence factors of B. Pertussis?

A
  • Pili
  • LOS/LPS
  • Toxins (exotoxins)
20
Q

What are the exotoxins produced by B. pertussis

A

Tracheal Cytotoxin
Pertussis toxin
Adenylate cyclase toxin

21
Q

Which toxin causes cell wall fragment of the host and induce ciliostasis (kills cilated cells)

A

Tracheal Cytotoxin

22
Q

Which toxin results in leukocytosis by impairing lymphocyte entry into lymph nodes

A

Pertussis toxin

23
Q

Acellular pertussis vaccines help protect against disease, prevent infection and transmission (True or False)

A

False: protect against disease but fails to prevent infection and transmission

24
Q

chemically modified toxin (no longer toxic), but still antigenic; used with Diptheria and Tetanus

25
Q

organism inactivated, but intact; used with Pertussis

A

Whole cell vaccine (acellular vaccine)

26
Q

encapsulated gram - rods that can cause sepsis through nosocomial (hospital) infections; highly antibiotic resistant

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

27
Q

P. aeruginosa is a problem pathogen in patient with ______ because it creates mucoid colonies

28
Q

Encapsulated, Gram + dipplococci bacteria that causes acute pneumonia most commonly in children, elders, and immunocompromised

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

29
Q

What causes acute pneumonia with rusty, blood tinged sputum, typical, lobar pneumonia followed by upper respiratory tract infections

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

30
Q

Vaccines for S. pneumoniae

A

Pneumovax 23 for adults

Prevnar 13 for children

31
Q

Obligate mycobacterium human pathogen that causes chronic walking pneumonia with long incubation period; doesn’t gram stain; smallest known free-living organism

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

32
Q

How is M. pneumo transmitted?

A

respiratory droplets

33
Q

What is required for M. pneumo to cause disease

A

attachment to respiratory epithelial cells via “attachment organelle”

34
Q

What is secreted by M. pneumo that acts as exotoxin but is not a toxin?

35
Q

What non-specific serologic test is often positive for M. pneumo?

A

Cold agglutinins (RBC agglutinated by IgM at 4 celcius)

Respiratory 2 (6 decks)

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