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A Head & Neck > Extraaa > Flashcards

Extraaa Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 layers of deep cervical fascia

A

3 layers of sheath

  • Investing
  • Pretracheal
  • Prevertebral
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2
Q

What is this structure? Describe

A

Pully or trochlea

- Formed by pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

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3
Q

What are the 4 minor salivary glands?

A
  • Palate
  • Lips
  • Cheeks
  • Tongue
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4
Q

The role of the 4 minor salivary glands?

A

Produce saliva continuously without neuronal stimuli

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5
Q

Borders of parotid nest

A

Anterior

(1) Masseter muscle
(2) Ramus of mandible
(3) medial pterygoid muscle

Posterior

(1) Sternocleidomastoid m
(2) Posterior belly of digastric m

Medial: (muscles originating from styloid process)

(1) Stylohyoid m
(2) Stylopharyngeaus m

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6
Q

Anterior border of parotid nest

A

Anterior

(1) Masseter muscle
(2) Ramus of mandible
(3) medial pterygoid muscle

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7
Q

Posterior border of parotid nest

A

Posterior

(1) Sternocleidomastoid m
(2) Posterior belly of digastric m

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8
Q

Medial border of parotid nest

A

Medial: (muscles originating from styloid process)

(1) Stylohyoid m
(2) Stylopharyngeaus m

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9
Q

List 5 structures embedded in parotid gland (2 nn., 1 a, 1 v., 1 s.)

A

(1) Facial nerve (CN VII - Parotid plexus branches)
(2) Retromandibular vein
(3) External carotid artery
(4) Auriculotemporal. nerve (branch of CNV3)
(5) Parotid lymph nodes

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10
Q

Course of facial nerve to face

A

Facial nerve CN VII

  • > exits the skull - stylomastoid foramen
  • > passes into parotid gland
  • > divides into upper & lower trunks
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11
Q

What are the 3 parts of parotid gland?

A
  • Masseteric part - moves ventrally on masseter
  • Premasseteric part - Moves medially on the anterior margin of masseter -> enters buccal fat pad
  • Buccinator part - opens into upper oral vestibule on the parotid papillae above 2nd upper molar
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12
Q

a small gland located above the parotid duct is called __

A

Accessory parotid gland

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13
Q

4 arteries that supply parotid gland

A

Superficial temporal a
Maxillary a
Posterior auricular a
Transverse facial a

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14
Q

Which nerve provide sensation to parotid gland?

A

Sensory: auriculotemporal nerve

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15
Q

Which nerve provide parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland?

A

Parasympathetic - Glossopharyngeal nerve

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16
Q

Lymphatic drainage of parotid gland (3)

A

Superficial cervical lymph nodes
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Parotid lymph nodes

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17
Q

What are the 2 parts of submandibular gland?

A
  • Superior/Deep part - Smaller - Located above the mylohyoid muscle (on the posterior aspect of floor of mouth)
  • Inferior/Superficial part - Larger - Located below the mylohyoid muscle & superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
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18
Q

2 arteries that supply submandibular gland

A

(1) Facial artery

(2) Lingual artery

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19
Q

Which nerve provide sensation to submandibular gland?

A

Lingual Nerve

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20
Q

Which nerve provide parasympathetic innervation to submandibular gland?

A

Chorda tympani nerve (from facial nerve)

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21
Q

2 veins that drain submandibular gland

A

Facial vein – empties directly into the internal jugular vein.
Sublingual vein – drains into the lingual v

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22
Q

lymphatic drainage of submandibular gland

A

Submandibular lymph nodes

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23
Q

lymphatic drainage of submandibular gland

A

Submandibular lymph nodes

24
Q

Borders of lateral lingual sulcus

A
  • Medial - hyoglossus m
  • Lateral & inferior - mylohyoid m
  • Superior - mucosa of oral cavity
25
Q

Contents of lateral lingual sulcus

A
  • Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
  • Lingual nerve (CN V/3)
  • Submandibular duct
  • Sublingual. gland
26
Q

2 Functions of larynx

A

Respiration

Phonation

27
Q

Where is cricothyroid ligament? (conic ligament)

A

located between arch of the cricoid cartilage & lower edge of the thyroid cartilage
!! Usual site of emergency coniotomy

28
Q

What is this?

A

Laryngeal ventricle

- Lateral recess

29
Q

Course of Inferior laryngeal artery (7)

A

arises from the inferior thyroid artery, a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, subclavian artery.

30
Q

Course of superior laryngeal artery (4)

A

Superior laryngeal artery (4)
- a branch of the superior thyroid artery (from the
external carotid artery) passing through the thyrohyoid membrane.

31
Q
A
  1. Palatoglossal arch
  2. Palatine tonsil
  3. Uvula
  4. palatopharyngeal arch
32
Q

4 arteries that supply of palatine tonsil

A

(1) Dorsal lingual artery (lingual artery)
(2) Ascending palatine artery (Facial artery)
(3) Descending palatine artery (maxillary artery)
(4) Ascending pharyngeal artery (external carotid artery)

33
Q

innervation of palatine tonsil

A

(1) Tonsilar branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve

2) Tonsilar branches of the lesser palatine nerve (V/2

34
Q

Function of auditory tube

A

(1) Equalizing pressure between middle ear & atmosphere

(2) Drains mucus from middle ear

35
Q

Sensory innervation of each part of pharynx

A

Sensory innervation

  • Nasopharynx - maxillary nerve (CN V/2)
  • Oropharynx - glossopharyngeal & vagus nerve
  • Laryngopharynx - vagus nerve
36
Q

2 layers of pharyngeal fasciae

A

2 layers of fascia

(1) Pharyngobasilar fascia
- Thick layer
- Coats inner part of wall
- Located between the mucous & muscular coats

(2) Buccopharyngeal fasica
- Coating the outer muscles part of the wall
- Is continued forward into the buccinator muscle
- Component of the pretracheal layer of cervical fascia

37
Q

What is this?

A 
Limen nasi
(Ridge formed by the lower edge of the lateral nasal cartilage. It separates the vestibule from the rest of the nasal fossa and marks the area of transition of epithelial types)
38
Q

5

A

Masseteric tuberosity

39
Q

6

A

pterygoid tuberosity

40
Q

Describe blood supply of palate

A

From maxillary artery:

  • Nasopalatine artery
  • Descending palatine artery which gives rises to greater and lesser palatine arteries

From facial artery
-> ascending palatine artery

41
Q

Innervation of palatine

A

Nasopalatine nerve
Greater palatine nerve
Lesser palatine nerve

42
Q

10

A

Sulcus terminalis

43
Q

11

A

Median furrow/sulcus

44
Q

3 cranial nerve branches that the tongue receives its somatosensory innervation (e.g., touch, pain, thermal sensation)

A 
Lingual nerve (branch of mandibular nerve CN V3)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) 
Vagus nerve (CN X)
45
Q

3 cranial nerve that convey the taste fibers

A 
CN VII (facial nerve, chorda tympani)
CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)
CN X (vagus nerve)
46
Q

What are the 4 intrinsic lingual muscles? its role?

A
  • superior longitudinal muscle
  • inferior longitudinal muscle
  • transverse muscle
  • vertical muscle
    Role - alter the tongue shape
47
Q

What is muscle 1? Action? Innervation?

A

superior longitudinal muscle

  • Shortens tongue, turns tip upward
  • XII n.
48
Q

What is muscle 3? Action? Innervation?

A

Inferior longitudinal muscle

  • Shortens tongue, turns tip downward
  • XII
49
Q

What is muscle 8? Action? Innervation?

A

Vertical muscle of tongue

  • Flattens and broadens tongue
  • XII
50
Q

What is muscle 9? Action? Innervation?

A

Transverse muscle of tongue

  • narrows and elongates tongue
  • XII
51
Q

The palatoglossal m. receives its somatosensory innervation from ___ (which nerve?)

A

the glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)

52
Q

The tongue muscles are innervated by ???

A

the hypoglossal n. (CN XII).

*** The palatoglossal m. receives its somatosensory innervation from glossopharyngeal n. - CN IX

53
Q

Borders and contents of medial lingual sulcus

A

Medial - genioglossus muscle
Lateral - Hyoglossus muscle
Content - Lingual artery, nervus glossopharyngeal nerve

54
Q

Border of Pirigove trigone

A

Intermediate tendon of digastric m.
post. Border of mylohyoid m.
N. XII.

55
Q

Border of Beclard trigone

A

Post. border of hyoglossus m.
post. belly of digastric m.
Greater horn of hyoid bone

56
Q

The muscles of the oral floor have a complex nerve supply due to different branchial arch derivations, with contributions from three different nerves.
What are they?

A

a The derivatives of the mandibular arch (mylohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric) are supplied by the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the mandibular division (CN V3).

b The derivatives of the second branchial arch (posterior belly of the digastric, stylohyoid) are supplied by the facial nerve.

c The geniohyoid (and the thyrohyoid) muscles are supplied by the ventral ramus of C1 spinal nerve, which travels with the hypoglossal nerve.

A Head & Neck (94 decks)

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