Extraaa Flashcards
What are 3 layers of deep cervical fascia
3 layers of sheath
- Investing
- Pretracheal
- Prevertebral
What is this structure? Describe
Pully or trochlea
- Formed by pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia
What are the 4 minor salivary glands?
- Palate
- Lips
- Cheeks
- Tongue
The role of the 4 minor salivary glands?
Produce saliva continuously without neuronal stimuli
Borders of parotid nest
Anterior
(1) Masseter muscle
(2) Ramus of mandible
(3) medial pterygoid muscle
Posterior
(1) Sternocleidomastoid m
(2) Posterior belly of digastric m
Medial: (muscles originating from styloid process)
(1) Stylohyoid m
(2) Stylopharyngeaus m
Anterior border of parotid nest
Anterior
(1) Masseter muscle
(2) Ramus of mandible
(3) medial pterygoid muscle
Posterior border of parotid nest
Posterior
(1) Sternocleidomastoid m
(2) Posterior belly of digastric m
Medial border of parotid nest
Medial: (muscles originating from styloid process)
(1) Stylohyoid m
(2) Stylopharyngeaus m
List 5 structures embedded in parotid gland (2 nn., 1 a, 1 v., 1 s.)
(1) Facial nerve (CN VII - Parotid plexus branches)
(2) Retromandibular vein
(3) External carotid artery
(4) Auriculotemporal. nerve (branch of CNV3)
(5) Parotid lymph nodes
Course of facial nerve to face
Facial nerve CN VII
- > exits the skull - stylomastoid foramen
- > passes into parotid gland
- > divides into upper & lower trunks
What are the 3 parts of parotid gland?
- Masseteric part - moves ventrally on masseter
- Premasseteric part - Moves medially on the anterior margin of masseter -> enters buccal fat pad
- Buccinator part - opens into upper oral vestibule on the parotid papillae above 2nd upper molar
a small gland located above the parotid duct is called __
Accessory parotid gland
4 arteries that supply parotid gland
Superficial temporal a
Maxillary a
Posterior auricular a
Transverse facial a
Which nerve provide sensation to parotid gland?
Sensory: auriculotemporal nerve
Which nerve provide parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland?
Parasympathetic - Glossopharyngeal nerve
Lymphatic drainage of parotid gland (3)
Superficial cervical lymph nodes
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Parotid lymph nodes
What are the 2 parts of submandibular gland?
- Superior/Deep part - Smaller - Located above the mylohyoid muscle (on the posterior aspect of floor of mouth)
- Inferior/Superficial part - Larger - Located below the mylohyoid muscle & superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
2 arteries that supply submandibular gland
(1) Facial artery
(2) Lingual artery
Which nerve provide sensation to submandibular gland?
Lingual Nerve
Which nerve provide parasympathetic innervation to submandibular gland?
Chorda tympani nerve (from facial nerve)
2 veins that drain submandibular gland
Facial vein – empties directly into the internal jugular vein.
Sublingual vein – drains into the lingual v
lymphatic drainage of submandibular gland
Submandibular lymph nodes
lymphatic drainage of submandibular gland
Submandibular lymph nodes
Borders of lateral lingual sulcus
- Medial - hyoglossus m
- Lateral & inferior - mylohyoid m
- Superior - mucosa of oral cavity
Contents of lateral lingual sulcus
- Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
- Lingual nerve (CN V/3)
- Submandibular duct
- Sublingual. gland
2 Functions of larynx
Respiration
Phonation
Where is cricothyroid ligament? (conic ligament)
located between arch of the cricoid cartilage & lower edge of the thyroid cartilage
!! Usual site of emergency coniotomy
What is this?
Laryngeal ventricle
- Lateral recess
Course of Inferior laryngeal artery (7)
arises from the inferior thyroid artery, a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, subclavian artery.
Course of superior laryngeal artery (4)
Superior laryngeal artery (4)
- a branch of the superior thyroid artery (from the
external carotid artery) passing through the thyrohyoid membrane.
- Palatoglossal arch
- Palatine tonsil
- Uvula
- palatopharyngeal arch
4 arteries that supply of palatine tonsil
(1) Dorsal lingual artery (lingual artery)
(2) Ascending palatine artery (Facial artery)
(3) Descending palatine artery (maxillary artery)
(4) Ascending pharyngeal artery (external carotid artery)
innervation of palatine tonsil
(1) Tonsilar branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve
2) Tonsilar branches of the lesser palatine nerve (V/2
Function of auditory tube
(1) Equalizing pressure between middle ear & atmosphere
(2) Drains mucus from middle ear
Sensory innervation of each part of pharynx
Sensory innervation
- Nasopharynx - maxillary nerve (CN V/2)
- Oropharynx - glossopharyngeal & vagus nerve
- Laryngopharynx - vagus nerve
2 layers of pharyngeal fasciae
2 layers of fascia
(1) Pharyngobasilar fascia
- Thick layer
- Coats inner part of wall
- Located between the mucous & muscular coats
(2) Buccopharyngeal fasica
- Coating the outer muscles part of the wall
- Is continued forward into the buccinator muscle
- Component of the pretracheal layer of cervical fascia
What is this?
Limen nasi (Ridge formed by the lower edge of the lateral nasal cartilage. It separates the vestibule from the rest of the nasal fossa and marks the area of transition of epithelial types)
5
Masseteric tuberosity
6
pterygoid tuberosity
Describe blood supply of palate
From maxillary artery:
- Nasopalatine artery
- Descending palatine artery which gives rises to greater and lesser palatine arteries
From facial artery
-> ascending palatine artery
Innervation of palatine
Nasopalatine nerve
Greater palatine nerve
Lesser palatine nerve
10
Sulcus terminalis
11
Median furrow/sulcus
3 cranial nerve branches that the tongue receives its somatosensory innervation (e.g., touch, pain, thermal sensation)
Lingual nerve (branch of mandibular nerve CN V3) Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Vagus nerve (CN X)
3 cranial nerve that convey the taste fibers
CN VII (facial nerve, chorda tympani) CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) CN X (vagus nerve)
What are the 4 intrinsic lingual muscles? its role?
- superior longitudinal muscle
- inferior longitudinal muscle
- transverse muscle
- vertical muscle
Role - alter the tongue shape
What is muscle 1? Action? Innervation?
superior longitudinal muscle
- Shortens tongue, turns tip upward
- XII n.
What is muscle 3? Action? Innervation?
Inferior longitudinal muscle
- Shortens tongue, turns tip downward
- XII
What is muscle 8? Action? Innervation?
Vertical muscle of tongue
- Flattens and broadens tongue
- XII
What is muscle 9? Action? Innervation?
Transverse muscle of tongue
- narrows and elongates tongue
- XII
The palatoglossal m. receives its somatosensory innervation from ___ (which nerve?)
the glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
The tongue muscles are innervated by ???
the hypoglossal n. (CN XII).
*** The palatoglossal m. receives its somatosensory innervation from glossopharyngeal n. - CN IX
Borders and contents of medial lingual sulcus
Medial - genioglossus muscle
Lateral - Hyoglossus muscle
Content - Lingual artery, nervus glossopharyngeal nerve
Border of Pirigove trigone
Intermediate tendon of digastric m.
post. Border of mylohyoid m.
N. XII.
Border of Beclard trigone
Post. border of hyoglossus m.
post. belly of digastric m.
Greater horn of hyoid bone
The muscles of the oral floor have a complex nerve supply due to different branchial arch derivations, with contributions from three different nerves.
What are they?
a The derivatives of the mandibular arch (mylohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric) are supplied by the mylohyoid nerve, a branch of the mandibular division (CN V3).
b The derivatives of the second branchial arch (posterior belly of the digastric, stylohyoid) are supplied by the facial nerve.
c The geniohyoid (and the thyrohyoid) muscles are supplied by the ventral ramus of C1 spinal nerve, which travels with the hypoglossal nerve.
