Extra_1

Question 1

1st element

Answer 1

message source/sender

Question 2

2nd element

Answer 2

destination/receiver

Question 3

3rd element

Answer 3

transmission medium/channel

Question 4

3 things all communication devices need to have in common

Answer 4

method of communication
common language/grammar
acknowledgement requirements

Question 5

when a new standard is purposed, and each stage is being recorded

Answer 5

request for comments (RFC)

Question 6

publish and manage RFC

Answer 6

internet engineering task force (IETF)

Question 7

shows interaction between different protocols as a layer hierarchy

Answer 7

protocol stack

Question 8

protocol governs the way a web server and client interact. defines content and formatting

Answer 8

hypertext transfer protocol

Question 9

manages individual conversations. responsible for guaranteeing reliable delivery and managing flow control.

Answer 9

transmission control protocol (TCP)

Question 10

responsible for delivering messages between sender and receiver -used by routers

Answer 10

internet protocol (IP)

Question 11

responsible for delivery from one network interface card (NIC) to another network interface card (NIC) on the same network

Answer 11

ethernet

Question 12

responsible for approving and maintaining the standard for connections, media requirements, communication protocol

Answer 12

institute of electrical electronic engineers (IEEE)

Question 13

ethernet standard approved by the IEEE

Answer 13

802.3

Question 14

process of placing a message format (letter) inside another message (envelope)

Answer 14

encapsulation

Question 15

the “envelope” a message is encapsulated in before being sent over the network. provides address of destination and of source host. layer 2-data link layer.

Answer 15

frame

Question 16

PDU

Answer 16

protocol data units

Question 17

max bytes in a frame

Answer 17

1518

Question 18

min bytes in a frame

Answer 18

64

Question 19

FCS

Answer 19

frame check sequence

Question 20

SFD

Answer 20

start of frame delimiter

Question 21

fcs and sfd are used to calculate what?

Answer 21

frame size

Question 22

gives a heads-up to recipient

Answer 22

pre-amble

Question 23

changes from hop-to-hop

Answer 23

MAC address

Question 24

Logical address, assigned based on where host is located.

Answer 24

IP address

Question 25

breaks large networks into smaller more manageable networks. layer approach

Answer 25

hierarchical network

Question 26

what are the benefits of a hierarchical network?

Answer 26

increased efficiency, optimization of function, increased speeds, organized

Question 27

layer that provides connection to host in local ethernet network

Answer 27

access layer

Question 28

layer that interconnects smaller local networks

Answer 28

distribution layer

Question 29

layer that provides high-speed connection between distribution layer devices

Answer 29

core layer

Question 30

layer that provides first line of networking devices that connects host to wired ethernet network

Answer 30

access layer

Question 31

multi-port system used to connect hosts to network. cannot decode messages. regenerates signal to all hosts. shared bandwidth, messages can only be sent one at a time. obsolete.

Answer 31

hubs

Question 32

used at the access layer switch decodes frame to read MAC address portion of the message

Answer 32

ethernet switches

Question 33

on switch, contains list of active ports and host MAC address

Answer 33

MAC address table

Question 34

temporary connection between sources and destination. allow for many conversations to take place at the same time without collisions.

Answer 34

circuit

Question 35

if destination MAC address is not in the table, switch does not create individual circuit. how will switch find MAC address?

Answer 35

switch will flood message to all attached host- except for sending host

Question 36

How does a switch learn a new MAC address?

Answer 36

switch table is dynamically updated, new host can be address and MAC address of new host is immediately learned

Question 37

one host ability to send messages to all other host at the same time. used to find info or to provide info

Answer 37

broadcast message

Question 38

what is used to divide network into multiple broadcast domains

Answer 38

router

Question 39

what regenerates a signal

Answer 39

repeater

Question 40

used by a router to discover MAC address of any host on the same network

Answer 40

address resolution protocol (ARP)

Question 41

layer that connects local networks and controls traffic flow between them. make sure local stays local -except traffic going to another network

Answer 41

distribution layer

Question 42

layer that interconnects host

Answer 42

access layer

Question 43

layer that interconnects networks

Answer 43

distribution layer

Question 44

limit broadcast to the local network to many host trying to broadcast can slow down network

Answer 44

broadcast containment

Question 45

can separate/protect certain groups of computers where confidential info. can also hide addresses of internal host form outside attacks, controls in and outgoing traffic

Answer 45

security

Question 46

networking device that connects multiple layer 3 IP network can direct traffic ability to decode and read messages finds best and fastest routes

Answer 46

router