Extra stuff from sofia: 'overview of HNS' Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of horner’s and why these occur

A
1. Ptosis 
Paralysis of superior tarsal muscle
2. Anhydrosis
paralysis of the dilator pupillae
3. Miosis 
 loss of innervation to the sweat glands of the face
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2
Q

What could cause horner’s

A

Horner’s syndrome has a multitude of causes. These include spinal cord lesions, traumatic injury and a Pancoast tumour (a cancer affecting the apex of the lung, which can involve the ganglia)

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3
Q

Overview of sympathetic innerbvation to head in terms of ganglia

A

3 main: superior, middle and inferior cervical

Ganglia within sympathetic chain

They synapse in this chain, and then send long post ganglionic fibres off head and neck, and other areas

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4
Q

Branches form superor cervical ganglion

A

Internal carotid nerve

External carotid nerve

Nerve to pharyngeal plexus (with vagus and glossopharyngeal)

Nerves to cranial nerves II, III IV, VI and IX.

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5
Q

Branches from middle cervical nerve

A

Thyroid branches – travel along the inferior thyroid artery, distributing fibres to the larynx, trachea, pharynx and upper oesophagus.

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6
Q

Branches from inferior cervical ganglion

A

Branches to the subclavian and vertebral arteries – These innervate the smooth muscle present in the arteries.

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7
Q

Outline parasympathetic innervation to head and neck

A

From CRANIAL part or cranio-sacral outflow

4 parasympathetic nuclei in brainstem

Cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X

Synapse into ganglion NEAR the viscera

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8
Q

What are the 4 PNS ganglia of the head

A

ciliary, otic, pterygopalatine and submandibular

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9
Q

T/f there is no vagus PNS function in head and neck

A

T

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10
Q

Outline ciliary ganglion:

Pre-gang. fibres
Post gang. fibres
Target organs

A

Pre: Fibres from edinger westphal (from CNIII)

Post: short ciliary nerves

Target: Sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle (accommodation)

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11
Q

Which other fibres are associated with ciliary ganglion

A

Sympathetic nerves from the internal carotid plexus – innervate the dilator pupillae muscle… FROM SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLION

Sensory fibres from the nasociliary nerve (a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve) – innervate the cornea, ciliary body and iris.

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12
Q

Outline PTERYGOPALATINE ganglion:

Pre-gang. fibres
Post gang. fibres
Target organs

A

Pre: Fibres from XII (superior slaivaotry nucleus). Travel with greater petrosal nerve (+deep petrosal nerve) in pterygoid canal

Post: hitchhikes on branches of maxillary nerve \

Target:
Lacrimal gland

Nasopharynx

Palate

Nasal cavity

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13
Q

Which other structures are in the pterygopalatine ganglion

A

Sympathetic fibres from the internal carotid plexus and sensory branches from the maxillary nerve pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion without synapsing.

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14
Q

Outline the submandibular ganglion

Pre-gang. fibres
Post gang. fibres
Target organs

A

Pre gang. fibres:
From superior salivatory nucleus (CN XII)

Carried within chordatympani along the LINGUAL BRANCH OF V3

Post: fibres travel straight to submandibular and sublingual glands.

Target:
Secretomotor innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

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15
Q

From which nerve is the submandibular ganglion suspended

A

Lingual

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16
Q

Outline the otic ganglion

Pre-gang. fibres
Post gang. fibres
Target organs

A

Pre: Inferior salivatory nucleus (CNIX). Travel within lesser petrosal nerve (a branhc of glossopharyngeal) to otic ganglion

Post: hitchhike along the auriculotemporal nerve (branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve) to provide secretomotor innervation to the parotid gland.

Target: parotid

17
Q

What other structures are associated with otic ganglion

A

Sympathetic fibres from the superior cervical chain pass through the otic ganglion. They travel with the middle meningeal artery to innervate the parotid gland.