Extra Questions Flashcards
Control over fundamental frequency of laryngeal tone is most closely related to activity fo
cricothyroid muscle (lengthens or tenses vocal chords)
Which of the following muscles is responsible for vocal fold abduction:
posterior cricoarytenoid
Which muscle is responsible for opening auditory tube, equalizing middle ear pressure
tensor veli palatini
Discriminative Stimulus:
Who?
General Idea
discriminitive stimulus reinforces a particular behavior: behavioral response associated with single stimulus (cannot be generalized)
Zone of Proximal development:
who ?
general idea:
Vygotsky
The zone of proximal development refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.
Thus, the term “proximal” refers to those skills that the learner is “close” to mastering.
ZPD is the zone where instruction is the most beneficial as it is when the task is just beyond the individual’s capabilities. To learn we must be presented with tasks that are just out of our ability range. Challenging tasks promote the maximum cognitive growth.
Langauge Generativity:
who:
general Idea:
Chomsky
theory of grammar that holds that human language is shaped by a set of basic principles that are part of the human brain (and even present in the brains of small children). This “universal grammar,” according to linguists like Chomsky, comes from our innate language faculty
Object permanence:
who
general idea
when does it develop
Piaget
involves understanding that items and people still exist even when you can’t see or hear them. This concept was discovered by child psychologist Jean Piaget and is an important milestone in a baby’s brain development.
8 months
which of the following responsible for changing vocal pitch
cricothyroid (tenses vocal fold)
Relay Center for sensory information
thalamus
What is a bad s/z ratio:
indicative of a possible?
the client was able to produce a longer sound when ?
greater than 1.4
laryngeal pathology
vocal folds were not involved
Minimal Oppositions: used to help establish?
Maximal Oppositions: uses pairs of words that
-to teach an unknown
treatment of empty set: similar to ? but uses pairs of words containing two ?
multiple oppositions: a variation of the ? but uses pairs of words contrasting a child’s error sound with ? that reflect both
contrasts not present in child’s phonological system
containing a contrastive sound that is maximally distinct on multiple dimensions/ unknown sound
maximal opp. / maximally opposing sounds that are unknown to child
minimal opp. / three or four strategically selected sounds that reflect both maximal classification and amximal distinction
Two muscles for vocal fold adduction:
transverse arytenoid muscle
lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
AAE English, Distinct Features Morphological:
zero copula - also known as
-example
lack of ?
-example
Absence of
-example
irregular ?
-example
use of
deletion of the verb be and its variants
“He a hard worker”
past tense marker
“Last week he cook dinner”
possessive -s
“Here is John watch”
verbal form usage
“she seen him”
“she knowed he was there”
negation
she aint got no money
AAE Distinct Features, Phonological:
Initial
Final
Deletion of middle and final
Deletion of middle and final
Final consonant deletion
Reduction of final nasal
/th/ = d (i.e., them becomes dem)
/th/ = f (i.e., mouth becomes mouf)
/r/ (i.e., all right becomes aiight, star becomes stah)
/l/ (i.e., help becomes hep, will becomes wi)
deletion (especially affects nasals, i.e., live becomes li)
to vowel nasality (i.e., man becomes mæ)
