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Model organisms in Biological research > Extra model organisms > Flashcards

Extra model organisms Flashcards

1
Q

Escherichia coli

A

Prokaryote - evolution (Richard Lenkings)

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2
Q

Bacillus subtilis

A

Prokaryote - sporulation and resistance

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3
Q

Caulobacter crescentus

A

Prokaryote - cell differentiation & ‘decision’ making

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4
Q

Mycoplasma genitalium

A

Prokaryote - small genome & synthetic life

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5
Q

Aliivibrio fisheri

A

Prokayote - bioluminescence, animal-bacterial symbiosis

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6
Q

Synechocystis

A

Prokaryote - photosynthesis

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7
Q

Pseudomonas fluorescens

A

Prokaryote - comparison of diversified lab strains

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8
Q

Chlamydomonas reinhardti

A

Protista - a unicellular green alga used to study photosynthesis, flagella and motility, regulation of metabolism, cell-cell recognition and adhesion, response to nutrient deprivation and many other topics

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9
Q

Dictyostelium discoideum

A

Protista - slime mold, used in molecular biology and genetics studied as an example of cell communication, differentiation, and programmed cell death

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10
Q

Tetrahymena thermophila

A

Protista - a free living freshwater ciliate protozoan, used for fundamental functional genomics

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11
Q

Choanoflagellate species

A

Protista - closest single-cell relatives of animals

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12
Q

Aspergillus nidulans

A

Fungi - subject of genetic studies into metabolism & DNA repair has the interesting genetic features of 3 life cycles

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13
Q

Neurospora crassa

A

Fungi - genetic studies of meiosis, metabolic regulation, circadian rhythms (Beadle and Tatum)

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14
Q

Ustilagomaydis maydis

A

Fungi - used to study plant disease, recombination, DNA repair, cell migration

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15
Q

Zea mays

A

Plants - Maize – facilitated discovery of transposons

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16
Q

Oryza sativa

A

Plants - rice; one of the smallest genomes of any cereal species

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17
Q

Medicago truncatula

A

Plants - model legume, symbiosis responsible for nitrogen fixation

18
Q

Tobacco BY-2 cells

A

Plants - suspension cell line from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
general plant physiology studies on cellular level

19
Q

Physcomitrella patens

A

Plants - non-vascular (“primitive”) plant with its genome completely sequenced
Evolution

20
Q

Populus

A

Plants - model in forest genetics and woody plant studies

21
Q

Hydra (genus)

A

Invertebrates - Cnidarian

to understand the evolution of animal&bilaterian body plans

22
Q

Euprymna scolopes

A

Invertebrates - Hawaiian bobtail squid model for animal-bacteria symbiosis, bioluminescent vibrios

23
Q

Pristionchus pacificus

A

Invertebrates - roundworm

used in evolutionary developmental biology & comparative analyses with C. elegans

24
Q

Symsagittifera roscoffensis

A

Invertebrates - flatworm

studies of bilaterian body plan development

25
Q

Tribolium castaneum

A

Invertebrates - flour beetle

used especially in behavioral ecology & as a developmental model

26
Q

Sea urchin

A

Invertebrates - classical subject of embryological studies

27
Q

Aplysia

A

Invertebrates - sea slug
ink release and siphon withdrawal response: model in neurobiology
growth cones: model of cytoskeletal rearrangement

28
Q

Branchiostoma lanceolatum

A

Invertebrates – non-vertebrate chordates - Cephalochordata (also: Amphioxus or lancelet)
model for chorda development

29
Q

Ciona intestinalis

A

Invertebrates – non-vertebrate chordates - Urochordata – Tunicata Model for nervous system development
& metamorphosis

30
Q

Oryzias latipes

A

Vertebrates - fish - medaka - Asian model

31
Q

Nothobranchius furzeri

A

Vertebrates - fish - killifish - very short-lives, model for aging

32
Q

Takifugu rubripes

A

Vertebrates - fish - Puffer fish, has the smallest vertebrate genome

33
Q

Xenopus laevis

A

Vertebrates - amphibians - developmental biology, have giant embryos and high tolerance for physical and pharmacological manipulation, limited DNA annotations

34
Q

Gallus gallus domesticus

A

Vertebrates - birds - developmental studies: amniote
excellent for micromanipulation (e.g. tissue grafting) and overexpression of gene
products

35
Q

Taeniopygia guttata

A

Vertebrates - birds - zebra finch
study of the song system of songbirds
study of non-mammalian auditory systems, memory and learning

36
Q

Cavius porcellus

A

Vertebrates - mammals - the guinea pig
used by Robert Koch and other early bacteriologists as a host for
bacterial infections, even though rarely used today

37
Q

Sigmodon hispidus

A

Vertebrates - mammals - cotton rat

formerly used in polio research

38
Q

Hamster

A

Vertebrates - mammals - first used to study kala-azar (leishmaniasis)

39
Q

Canis lupus familiaris

A

Vertebrates - mammals - dog

an important respiratory and cardiovascular model

40
Q

Rhesus macaque

A

Vertebrates - mammals - used for studies on infectious disease and cognition

Model organisms in Biological research (2 decks)

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