Extra Insulin

Question 1

what do the pancreatic beta, alpha, and gamma cells produce?

Answer 1

beta- insulin
alpha- glucagon (promotes breakdown of glycogen to glucose)
gamma- somatostatin

Question 2

what are two type of complications that untreated diabetes can lead to?

Answer 2

microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macrovascular (atherosclerotic probs)

Question 3

diabetes is at what fasting glucose?

Answer 3

126 mg/dl

Question 4

what is one type of drug that can cause hyperglycemia?

Answer 4

steroids

Question 5

what are three signs of DKA?

Answer 5

fruity breath, excessive thirst, and irritability (type 1 pts are trying to prevent this)

Question 6

what two things do high insulin levels also affect (think type 2 diabetics)

Answer 6

HDL and TG

Question 7

do type 2 diabetics need exogenous insulin to survive?

Answer 7

no, 30% benefit from blood sugar control

Question 8

what are the two most insulin sensitive GLUT receptors?

Answer 8

2 and 4

Question 9

what are the two ways insulin is released by beta cells into the blood?

Answer 9

constant low basal rate and increase release when stimulated by sugars

Question 10

clinically, why do we give short acting insulin in IV form?

Answer 10

need for DKA and when we want tight control (after surgery/for infection)

Question 11

do rapid acting insulins aggregate under the skin?

Answer 11

NO (absorbed faster and at a steady rate)

Question 12

what is the shelf life for rapid acting insulins?

Answer 12

good- can last 28 days and doesn’t need to be refrigerated

Question 13

what does long term insulin not cover?

Answer 13

sugar bumps a pt would get from meals or unexpected high sugars

Question 14

what is the clinical use of all insulins?

Answer 14

combo of long acting and short acting insulin or a pump to control sugar