Extra Info Bones And Joints Flashcards
What’s function of the ankle joint
Gives stable base of support
Provides rigid lever for push off
Absorbs shock of body weight
Conforms the foot to irregular terrain
Important in sensation, proprioception and balance
Allows adjustment of line of gravity in standing
Providers propulsion and restraint in walking
Features of distal tibia
Distal end of tibia is shaped like a rectangular box with the medial malleolus
Inferior surface of tibia articulates with the talus to form part of the ankle joint
Inferior surface also continues medially as the malleolar articular surface
Lateral surface has a deep groove where it articulates with the fibula (inferior tibio-fibular joint)
Features of distal fibula
On the lateral side is the lateral malleolus. On the medial side of the lateral malleolus bears a facet for articulation with the talus
The fibula notch is at the distal end of the tibia
Distal tibia and fibula articulate with the talus of the foot at ankle joint
Classify everything about the superior tibio-fibular joint
Synovial plane joint
Articular surfaces
- head of fibula, tibial lateral condyle, capsule attached around joint margins
Ligaments
- anterior and posterior ligaments of the fibular head
Movements
- small rotational movements during ankle DF/PF +/- gliding
What’s the interosseous membrane
A tough fibrous sheet of connective tissue.
It spans the distance between the borders of the tibia and fibula
Most fibres descend obliquely from tibia to fibula
Provides attachment for muscles
Separates anterior and posterior compartments
What’s the inferior tibio-fibular joint (fibrous syndesmosis)
Medial aspect of fibula and fibular notch on lateral aspect of tibia
Anterior inferior, posterior inferior and transverse tibio-fibular ligaments
What’s movements of the inferior tibio-fibular joint
Slight rotation of the fibula on the tibia during ankle dorsiflexion
Ankle fractures involving excessive rotatory stresses rupture the interosseus ligament and membrane
What are the bones of the foot
Tarsal bones - talus - calcaneus - cuboid - navicular Cuneiforms - medial - lateral - intermediate Metatarsals -5 metatarsals 14 phalanges
Classify the ankle joint
A synovial hinge joint
Covered in hyaline cartilage and enclosed by joint capsule, lined with synovial membrane
Between the distal end of the tibia and fibula, and the talus of the foot
Allows dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
Classify the mid tarsal joint
Synovial ball and socket joint
“S” shaped joint
Talocalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid
It’s combined with the mid tarsal joint inversion and eversion to produce pronation and supination
Classify the calcaneus (medial aspect)
Largest of tarsal bones
Sustenculum tali, medial shelf to support medial head of talus
Posterior surface, roughened for attachment of tendocalcaneus
Classify the subtalar joint
Distal to the ankle joint where the talus articulates with calcaneus
Movements of inversion and eversion
It’s a plane (modified saddle) synovial joint
Surrounded by weak articular capsule which is supported medially, laterally and posteriorly by talocalcanean ligaments
The joint is stabilised by interosseous talocalcanean ligament
Classify the navicular (anterior)
Anterior to head of talus and medial malleolus
Prominent medial tuberosity
Concave posterior surface articulates with head of talus
3 anterior facets for articulation with the 3 cuneiforms
Classify cuboid
Articulations
- posterior - calcaneus and calcaneocuboid joint
- medial - lateral cuneiform and cunecuboid joint
- anterior - 4th and 5th metatarsal and tarsometatarsal joint
Classify the cuneiforms
All - articulate with navicular and each other Medial - articulate with MT1 Intermediate - articulates with MT2 Lateral - articulates with MT3 and cuboid
