Extra Info

Question 1

What are the anterior palpable structures

Answer 1

Iliac crest 
ASIS 
Inguinal ligament 
Pubic tubercle 
Pubic symphysis

Question 2

What are the posterior structures

Answer 2

PSIS 
Sacrum
Sacral spinous process 
Coccyx 
Ischial tuberosity

Question 3

Features of the proximal femur anterior

Answer 3

Femoral head
Femoral neck
Greater and lesser trochanter
Intertrochanteric Line

Question 4

Features of femur posterior

Answer 4

Pectineal line
Gluteal tuberosity
Intertrochanteric crest
Linea aspera - distally divides into medial and lateral supracondylar ridges
- the ridges mark attachments of powerful thigh muscles

Question 5

What’s the femoral neck inclination

Answer 5

Angle of femoral neck inclination
125 +/- 5
>130 = coxa Valga
<120 = coxa vara

Question 6

What’s femoral torsion

Answer 6

Angle of femoral torsion
Normal degree of femoral torsion is 12-15 degrees
<= retroversion
>= ant eversion

Question 7

What are the femoral head blood supplies

Answer 7

Ligamentum teres
Medial and lateral circumflex arteries
Nutrient arteries within femoral shaft

Question 8

What are the 4 hip joint ligaments

Answer 8

Illiofemoral ligament (anterior)
Pubofemoral ligament (anterior)
Ischiofemoral ligament (posterior)
Ligamentum teres (internal)

Question 9

What are the origin, insertion and action for iliofemoral ligament

Answer 9

Formed by 2 bands ( superior and inferior)
Origin - AIIS
Insertion - intertrochanteric line
Action - superior band limits extension and adduction
Inferior band limits extension abduction

Question 10

What are the origin, insertion and action for pubofemoral ligament

Answer 10

Origin - from the pubic eminence
Insertion - capsule and medial band of iliofemoral ligament and intertrochanteric line
Action - limits extension and abduction

Question 11

What are the origin, insertion and action for ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 11

Origin - inferior aspect of ischium
Insertion - capsule and anterior part of greater trochanter deep to the iliofemoral ligament
Action - extension and medial rotation

Question 12

What are the origin, insertion and action for ligamentum teres

Answer 12

Origin - pit of fovea in head of femur

Insertion - acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament

Question 13

What causes the stability of the hip joint

Answer 13

Strong surrounding ligaments 
Cup shaped acetabulum 
Deepened by acetabular labrum 
Strong capsule 
Vacuum effect of ball within socket 
Oblique angle of femoral neck 
Arrangement of powerful surrounding muscles

Question 14

What limits range of motion

Answer 14

Tension of antagonists
Soft tissue apposition
Tension of ligaments limit range
Relative congruency of articulate surfaces

Question 15

What are the hip range motions

Answer 15

Flexion - 100-120 degrees 
Extension - 15-20 degrees 
Abduction - 40-45 degrees 
Adduction - 15-30 degrees 
Lateral rotation - 45-60 degrees 
Medial rotation - 30-40 degrees

Question 16

How do you put the hip in a closed/open packed position

Answer 16

Closed packed position - maximum extension, medial rotation and abduction
Open packed position - slight flexion, abduction and lateral rotation

Question 17

What are the origin, insertion and action for ventral sacro iliac ligament

Answer 17

Origin - lateral sacrum
Insertion - medial aspect of ilium
Action - thickening of capsule and provides anterior stability

Question 18

What are the origin, insertion and action for sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 18

Origin - PSIS, sacral tubercles, lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx
Insertion - ischial tuberosity and ischial ramus
Action - limits nutation of sacrum, limits posterior rotation of ilium

Question 19

What’s the origin, insertion and action for sacrospinous ligament

Answer 19

Origin - spine of ischium
Insertion - lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx
Action - limits nutation of sacrum and posterior rotation of ilium

Question 20

What’s the origin, insertion and action for iliolumbar ligament

Answer 20

Upper band
- origin - transverse processes of L5
- insertion - posterior aspect of iliac crest
Lower band
- origin - transverse processes of L5
- insertion - anterior sacrum and ventral sacroiliac ligament