extra exam 1 Flashcards
What medication induces mydriasis?
phenylephrine (Altafrin)
Beta blockers will mask signs and symptoms of
hypoglycemia
Which oral hypoglycemic agent can react to readiopaque dye?
metformin (glucophage)
Which diabetic agent requires the patient to have oral dextrose available at all times to treat hypoglycemia (table sugar/sucrose will not work)?
acarbose (precose)
Adverse effects of metformin?
nausea
lactic acidosis
abdominal cramps
Coritcosteriods may have an interaction with
NSAIDS
Fludrocortisone needs to be taken with
food or milk to minimize gastrointestinal upset
Possible benefits of metformin?
causes weight loss
produces a modest decrease in serum triglycerides
can be used in combo with other oral antidiabetic agents to lower blood glucose
Do type 2 DM patients have ketones at diagnosis?
no
Propranolol may increase
insulin’s hypoglycemic effects
corticosteroids often mask symptoms of
infection
A patient with diabetes should avoid exercise if their glucose level is greater than
250 mg/dL
corticosteroids may cause __________ in diabetic patients
hyperglycemia
glucocorticoids regulate
carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism
2 kinds of corticosteroids are
mineralcorticoids (fludrocortison, aldosterone) and
glucocorticoids (cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisone)
4 antidiarrheals
Bismuth Subsalicylate / Pepto-Bismol
Diphenoxylate with atropine / Lomotil
Lactobacillus acidophilus / Lactinex
Loperamide / Imodium A-D
6 Laxitives
Psyllium / Metamucil
Docusate Sodium / Colace
Mineral Oil / Fleet Mineral Oil
Polyethylene glycol / MiraLax / GoLYTELY
Magnesium hydroxide / Phillips’ Milk of Magnesia
Sennosides / Senna / Senokot / Ex-Lax
Reflux meds
Aluminum hydroxide / Maalox / Milk of Magnesia
Famotidine / Pepcid
Misoprostol / Cytotec
Omeprazole / Prilosec
Pantoprazole / Protonix
Sucralfate / Carafate
Metoclopramide / Reglan
Promethazine / Phenergan
Ondansetron / Zofran
nausea meds
Scopolamine / Transderm-Scop
Diphenhydramine / Benadryl
Dexamethasone / Decadron
Lorazepam / Ativan
Dronabinol / Marinol
Dorzolamide / Trusopt
release eye pressure
Pilocarpine / Isopto Carpine
drains fluid
Phenylephrine / Altafrin
pupil dilation
Timolol Maleate / Timoptic
decrease fluid production
Latanoprost / Xalatan
increase fluid production
opthalmic antibiotics
bacitracin and neomycin-polymyxin
corticosteroid doses should be ____ in the morning and ____ in the afternoon
2/3 in the morning
1/3 in the afternoon
mineralcorticoids should be given once daily when?
in the evening
corticosteroids frequently cause blood sugar to
increase
I’m sweaty, cold and clammy, give me some
candy
microvascular complications are the destruction of
capillaries in eyes, kidneys, and peripheral tissues (neuropathies)
macrovascular complications are assoicated with
atherosclerosis of the middle to large arties (heart and brain) resulting in stroke, mi, peripheral vascular disease
fixed combo insulins contain
one intermediate type and either one rapid type or one short-acting type
sliding scale insulin dosing is subq _____ or ______
rapid acting or short acting
basal-bolus attempts to mimic a healthy pancreas by administering
basal insulin (long acting insulin) constantly then giving bolus short acting when glucose levels rise above a predetermined age
glipizide may mask hypoglycemia and cause rash or disorders of the
blood
patients on repaglinide who skip a meal should also
skip a dose to avoid hypoglycemia
pioglitazone may damage the liver and might induce _____ in premenoposal women
ovulation, plan for alternative birth control
acrabose inhibits
enzymes
patients on canagliflozin should be pretested for
renal function and potassium levels
dulaglutide is usually prescribed to patients
not getting good glucose control with other meds
a severe reaction to dulaglutide could be
pancreatitis, signs and symptoms include abdominal pain that radiates around to the back
monitor patients taking sitagliptin for
bradycardia
