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Extra Credit > Extra Credit > Flashcards

Extra Credit Flashcards

1
Q

Which are molecules that lymphocytes recognize as foreign and that elicit in immune response

A

Antigens

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2
Q

What is the primary function of endonucleases in constructing recombinant DNA molecules

A

Identify and extract desires DNA fragments

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3
Q

which carries the coded instructions for an amino-acid sequence to the ribosome

A

tRNA

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4
Q

chromosomes are produced in what part of the eukaryotic cell

A

nucleus

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5
Q

genetic engineering of plants can produce crops with new and beneficial

A

traits

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6
Q

if a allele is recessive and lethal in homozygotes before they reproduce

A

the allele will remain in the population at a low frquency

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7
Q

which is a prokaryotic cell that causes disease when it is ingested in contammined food or water

A

bacterium

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8
Q

which is a product of the electron chain transport

A

ATP

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9
Q

second generation offspring from a cross between two homozygotes are the

A

F2 generation

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10
Q

most HIV infections a transmitted through

A

Blood

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11
Q

except for stop codons, a codon calls for a specific

A

amino acid

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12
Q

which organelle in the diagram below is known as the powerhouse of the cell
question #18

A

mitochondria

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13
Q

the DNA message depends on the order of the

A

nitrogenous bases

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14
Q

DNA replication is

A

semiconservative

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15
Q

which statement is true

A

in mitosis the chromosomes separate once while in meiosis the chromosomes separate twice

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16
Q

based on the food pyramid below which organism has the least amount of energy available to it
question#24

A

owl

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17
Q

which statement accurately describes the role of a particular organelle

A

the golgi apparatus synthesizes and stores proteins

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18
Q

what is the purpose of the cell membrane

A

to form a boundary to allow wastes in and out of the cell

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19
Q

natural selection is sometimes called survival of the fittest. which most accurately describes an organisms fitness

A

fertility of its offspring

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20
Q

if the genotype of the parents are known, it is possible to determine the likelihood of an offspring inheriting certain

A

phenotype

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21
Q

proteins catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium are called

A

enzymes

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22
Q

when DNA replicates, each new DNA molecule has

A

one original strand and one new strand

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23
Q

which carry impulses from the skin to the central nervous system

A

sensory neurons

24
Q

usable energy is captured from the sunlight by

A

chloroplast

25
Q

deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equation can cause what in a gene pool

A

drift

26
Q

What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidneys

A

To remove wastes from the blood

27
Q

if the bark on all trees of the type shown below became spotted over a period of years, what effect would this most likely have on the beetle population

A

most beetles would be spotted

28
Q

imagine that you have just touched a warm burner. which type of neuron would relay a message to your brain

A

sensory neuron

29
Q

fluctuations in population size in an ecosystem are determined by the relative rates of all of the following except

A

over feeding

30
Q

strips of land that allow the organisms of a population to migrate from one area to another are called

A

habitat corridors

31
Q

natural selection acts on

A

phenotype, whether they are results of dominant or recessive genes

32
Q

what digestive aid is secreted to break down fat molecules

A

lipase enzymes

33
Q

one form of protection against disease given to small children and adolescents

A

vaccination

34
Q

what do chromosomes determine

A

sex of offspring

35
Q

one application of DNA fingerprinting is used to correct genetic disorders. This Is called

A

gene therapy

36
Q

to be inherited by future generations, a gene mutation would have to occur in

A

sex cells

37
Q

a heterozygote has

A

a pair of contrasting alleles

38
Q

the most vital part of an ecosystem is found in the stability of its

A

producers and composers

39
Q

nucleotide bases are read how many at a time

A

three

40
Q

rules of probability apply to the inheritance of traits coded by

A

a single gene

41
Q

an antibody is used by the immune system to identify foreign matter. an antibody is a(an)

A

protein

42
Q

tissues, organs, and organ systems work together to maintain

A

a stable enviroment

43
Q

the evolution of a new species is called

A

speciation

44
Q

a diagram depicting the pattern of shared characteristics between organisms is called a

A

cladogram

45
Q

proteins having different amino-acid sequences have different

A

shape and chemical properties

46
Q

in muscle cells, a protein that plays a significant role in the contraction is

A

actin

47
Q

variation within a species increases the likelihood that at least some members of a species will

A

survive

48
Q

which base is complementary strand of the base shown below (thymine)

A

adenine

49
Q

the first line of defense against disease in the human body is

A

the skin

50
Q

if both parents are heterozygous for two particular genes, how many phenotypes are possible

A

four

51
Q

how often are new mutations generated in a gene pool

A

constantly

52
Q

look at the following for descriptions of changes in gene frequency between a larger population and a smaller, related population. which of these is an example of natural selection

A

adaptive change

53
Q

homeostasis is maintained by

A

negative controls

54
Q

assuming that the reading frame begins after the start signal AUG, how many amino acids are coded for in this mRNA sequence
AUG-UUA-CAC-CGU-CAC

A

four

55
Q

the picture below show two neurons. A nerve impulse moves from neuron A to neuron B because of

A

the release of chemicals called neurotransmitters

56
Q

what purpose do molecular clocks serve

A

they allow scientist to estimate the relative chronology of evolutionary relationships

57
Q

what is nitrogen fixation

A

the principle that describes why nitrogen stays at a fixed level in the atmosphere

Extra Credit (1 decks)

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