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Endo/Repro Exam 1 > extra > Flashcards

extra Flashcards

1
Q

____ has a higher affinity for B2

A

EPI

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2
Q

What receptors respond best to NE?

A

All alpha and B3

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3
Q

What receptor responds equally to NE and Epi?

A

B1

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4
Q

What happens to CRH, ACTH and cortisol levels during a steroid adminisation (other than cortisol)

A

CRH: decrease

ACTH: decrease

Cortisol: decrease (but symptoms of excess)

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5
Q

Primary chronic adrenocorticoinsuffiency. aka

A

addisons

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6
Q

Addisons disease sx

A

malaise, fatique, weightloss, hyperpigmentation

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7
Q

Pituitary somatotroph adenoma

A

-> increase GH secretion

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8
Q

Cortisol: goal is to

A

increase blood glucose levels

Liver: increase gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis

Muscle: protein breakdown

Fat: lipolysis

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9
Q

What would you see in a patient with Cushing syndrome on dexamethosome test?

A

Adrenal tumor: ACTH will decrease but cortisol will be high and cortisol fails to be supressed

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10
Q

Conn’s syndrome

A

-> primary hyperaldosteronism

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11
Q

Cosyntropin (synthetic ACTH) stimulation test to test for

A

primary/secondary adrenal insuffiency

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12
Q

In acromegaly, high plasma levels of GH cause cause what?

A

insulin resistance. Thus, liver makes alot of glucose and uptake by the peripheraly tissues is impaired.

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13
Q

During exercise, glucose utilization. by the muscle is what??

A

increased. which is largely. dependent on insulin.

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14
Q

Exposure to UV light does what?

A

convert choesterol -> 25 hydroxycholeciferol

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15
Q

What is this: cells secrete chemicals into the ECF that act on cells in the same tissue.

A

paracrine

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16
Q

What would you see in a patient with a. low Na+ diet

Aldosterone

Cortisol

K+

A

High

Normal

normal

Although aldosterone increases K+ secreteion, this is offset by a. low distal tubular flow. rate. Thus, there is little change on K+ excretion or plasma K+ concentration

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17
Q

In patients with nephrogenic DBI: kidneys do not respond app to ADH.

How is the Urine osmolarity. affected and plasma osmolarity affected

A

cant form concentrated urine

Changes in plasma osmolarity. will produce normal ADH secretion responess

18
Q

A 30-year-old woman reports to the clinic for a routine physical examination. e examination reveals she is pregnant. Her plasma levels of TSH are high, but her total thyroid hormone concentration is normal. Which of the following best re ects the patient’s clinical state?

A) Graves’ disease

B) Hashimoto’s disease

C) A pituitary tumor secreting TSH

D) A hypothalamic tumor secreting thyrotropin-

releasing hormone (TRH)

E) e patient is taking thyroid extract

A

B.

As a result of negative feedback, plasma levels of

TSH are a sensitive index of circulating levels of un-
bound (free) thyroid hormones. High plasma levels of

TSH indicate inappropriately low levels of free thyroid hormones in the circulation, such as are present with autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland in persons with Hashimoto’s disease. However, because elevated plasma levels of estrogen in pregnancy increase

hepatic production of TBG, the total amount (bound

+ free) of thyroid hormones in the circulation is ele-
vated. Plasma levels of thyroid hormones are elevated

in persons with Graves’ disease and in patients with
a pituitary TSH-secreting tumor, as well in patients
given thyroid extract for therapy.

19
Q

What affects does glucagon have on muscle?

A

no effects on muscle

20
Q

A large dose of insulinis administered intravenously to a patient. Which set of hormonal changes is most likely to occur in the plasma in response to the insulin injection?

GH

Glucagon

EPI

A

increase

increase

increase

GH, glucagon, EPI all want to increase glucose levels.

21
Q
  1. Which of the following increases the rate of excretion of calcium ions by the kidney?

A) A decrease in calcitonin concentration in the plasma

B) An increase in phosphate ion concentration in the

plasma

C) A decrease in the plasma level of PTH

D) Metabolic alkalosis

A

c. PTH increases absorption of Ca2+ in the renal tubules. Thus, a. decrease of PTH would increase rate of exxretion

22
Q

EXOPTHLAMOS is caused by. what

A

Graves dz, in particular to the immunoglobins

23
Q

How does hemorrage affect atrial stretch receptors and arterial. baroreceptors and ADH secretion.

A

Decreases the activation of both,

causing an INCREASE in ADH secretion.

24
Q

Conn Syndrome

Aterial pressire:

ECF volume

Na+ excretion

A

increase

increase

not change; rise in arterial pressure offsets the Na+ retaining affects of aldosterone, limiting Na+and permitting daily Na+ balance

25
Q

A chronic increase in the plasma concentration of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) would result in which of the following?

A) An increased delivery of T4 to target cells

B) A decrease in plasma free [T4]

C) An increase in the conversion of T4 to triiodothyro- nine (T3) in peripheral tissues

D) An increase in TSH secretion

E) No change in metabolic rate

A

E.

In the steady state, high plasma levels of TBG would

simply increase the reservoir for hormone and, there-
fore, the total amount of thyroid hormone in the circu-
lation. However, protein-bound hormone is inactive.

The metabolic effects of thyroid hormones and their
feedback inhibition on TSH secretion are determined

by the free thyroid hormone and not the total amount
of thyroid hormone in the circulation. Both the plasma

levels of free thyroid hormone and TSH would be ex-
pected to be normal in the steady state. Consequently,

the metabolic rate would be unchanged.

26
Q

In response to increased blood levels of glucose,
plasma insulin concentration normally increases
during the 60-minute period following oral intake

of glucose. In type 1 DM, insulin secretion is de-
pressed. In contrast, in type 2 DM, insulin resis-
tance is a common finding and, at least in the early

stages of the disease, there is an abnormally high
rate of insulin secretion.

A
27
Q

In Cushing’s syndrome, high plasma levels of
cortisol impair glucose uptake in peripheral tissues,
which tends to increase plasma levels of glucose. As a
result, the insulin response to oral intake of glucose is
enhanced.

A
28
Q

Which hormone is not stored in its endocrine-producing gland?

A) T4B) PTH

C) Aldosterone D) ACTH

E) Insulin

A

ALDOSTERONE bc STEROID HORMONES ARE NOT STORED!!!

29
Q

Which finding would likely be reported in a patient with a deciency in iodine intake?

A) Weight loss

B) Nervousness

C) Increased sweating
D) Increased synthesis of thyroglobulin

E) Tachycardia

A

D.

Iodine -> needed to make TH. If def -> cant make TH.

Thus, TSH levels increase -> stimulate formation of thryglobulin -> goiter

30
Q

chronic cortison treatment would atrophy/hypertrophy adrenal glands

A

atrophy

31
Q

Increase in blood glucose will affecr GH secretion how?

A

supress

32
Q

Bone is deposited in proportion to the compres-
sional load that the bone must carry. Continual me-
chanical stress stimulates osteoblastic deposition and

calcification of bone.

A
33
Q

Which of the following conditions or hormones would most likely increase GH secretion?

A) Hyperglycemia

B) Exercise

C) Somatomedin

D) Somatostatin

E) Aging

A

Exercise stimulates GH secretion.

Hyperglycemia, somatomedin, and the hypothalamic inhibitoryhormone somatostatin all inhibit GH secretion. GH secretion also decreases as persons age.

34
Q

Levels of

Aldosterone

cortisol

insulin

in person with. cushings

A

no change

increase

increase

35
Q

Person on a long-term Na+ diet will have

alodsterone

ANP

cortisol

A

high

low

now change

36
Q

Excess thyrroid hormone

___ HR

___ RR

____ cholesterol

A

increased

increased

decreased

37
Q

hich pituitary hormone has a chemical structure most similar to that of ADH?

A) Oxytocin B) ACTH

C) TSH D) FSH

E) Prolactin

A

A

peptides with 9 AA; structre differs by 2 AA

38
Q

nhibition of the iodide pump would be expected to cause which change?

A) Increased synthesis of T4
B) Increased synthesis of thyroglobulin

C) Increased metabolic rate D) Decreased TSH secretion

E) Extreme nervousness

A

B

39
Q

A 45-year-old woman has a mass in the sella turcica that compresses the portal vessels, disrupting pitu- itary access to hypothalamic secretions. e secretion rate of which hormone would most likely increase in this patient?

A) ACTH B) GH

C) Prolactin D) LH

E) TSH

A

The primary controllers of ACTH, GH, LH, and

TSH secretion from the pituitary gland are hypotha-
lamic-releasing hormones. They are secreted into the

median eminence and subsequently flow into the hy-
pothalamic-hypophysial portal vessels before bathing

the cells of the anterior pituitary gland. Conversely,

prolactin secretion from the pituitary gland is influ-
enced primarily by the hypothalamic inhibiting hor-
mone dopamine. Consequently, obstruction of blood

flow through the portal vessels would lead to reduced
secretion of ACTH, GH, LH, and TSH, but increased
secretion of prolactin.

40
Q

B) In primary hyperparathyroidism

___. Vit D

___. plasma phosphate

____ urinary Ca2+ excretion

A

high plas-
ma levels of PTH increase the formation of

1,25-(OH)2D3, which increases intestinal absorp-
tion of calcium. This action of PTH, along with its

effects to increase bone resorption and renal calci-
um reabsorption, leads to hypercalcemia. However,

because of the high filtered load of calcium, calcium
is excreted in the urine.

41
Q

Vit D def causes

____ plasma vit D

___ bone resportion

___ intestinal calbindn

A

decrease

increase.

decrese

RICKETS and OSTE<

Endo/Repro Exam 1 (14 decks)

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