Extra Flashcards
Most common cause of otitis externa
Trauma
What are middle ear effusions caused by?
Blockage of the Eustachian tube at its opening into nasopharynx
What do acute middle ear effusions usually follow?
Influenza or URTI
How does ear drum appear in middle-ear effusions?
In children can get suppurative Middle ear effusion - tympanic membrane bulges outwards
All other causes of Middle ear effusion ear drum appears retracted
Causes of chronic middle ear effusions
Sequel to chronic sinusitis or rhinitis
Mass in the region causing obstruction - eg. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
What happens to conductive hearing loss of otosclerosis in noisy places
Improves - Willis’ paracusis
Therefore if background noise then hearing is better
How does tympanic membrane appear in otosclerosis
Often normal
Signs of acoustic neuroma
Unilateral deafness and tinnitus
Can also get CN or cerebellum dysfunction (cerrrbellopontine angle tumours)
How can a foreign body in the nose present?
Bleeding from the nose in the presence of long standing inflammation
Often prevalent in children
Can get foul-smelling nasal discharge
Anaemia out of proportion of blood loss - epistaxis
Bleeding from elsewhere eg. Upper GI and Lower GI
Leukaemia or other blood dyscrasias
Epistaxis following heart valve replacement
warfarin!!!!
What are pyogenic granulomas
Raised smooth swellings
Arise most frequently on littles area (anteroinferior part of septum where kiesselbachs plexus lies)
Cause sever bleeding and can mimic neoplasm
Removed under GA
What is Osler-Weber-Rendu disease?
Hereditary familial telangiectasia
Severe and occasionally fatal haemorrhage
Nasal mucous membrane has several red spots on both sides
Face and skin also have red spots - dilated capillaries
Most common cause of unilateral deafness and discomfort and what triggers this onset?
Wax
Often suddenly following washing or bathing
