extra Flashcards
greatest problems Aus is facing
Lifestyle based diseases
Mention covid though
increase in non-communical diseases(lifestyle) eg. diabetes + obesity
decrease in communal diseases (covid + flu)
Aus very experienced in realm due to covid
reasons for vaccination hesitancy
Side effects hence mistrust
misnformation/progpoganda
religous reasons
qualities of a good leader
(same as doctor)
passion
communicator(honesty)
empathy
mentor
4 pillars of ethics
Allowing patients to make their own decisions (autonomy)
Doing active good and acting in the patients best interests (beneficence) ben-eff-ie-sense
Above all do no harm (maleficence) mal-eff-ie-sense
Fairness and equity of resources (justice)
importance of confidentiality
Builds a trusting relationship with patients
More willing to seek care
More likely to be open and honest
Public health benefit
Seeking care = treatment = prevention of spread (eg: infectious diseases, STIs)
when can confidentiality be broken
With consent of relevant client or a personal with legal authority to act on behalf of the client (enduring power of attorney, spouse, primary carer, relative)
Where there is a legal obligation
Immediate and specified risk of harm to that person or others(eg. homicide, suicide, abuse, domestic violence)
Consulting colleagues involved in patient care
consent
CRITERIA FOR VALID CONSENT:
Consent is voluntary
Consent is sufficiently specific to treatment
Consent must be informed (explained in broad terms in appropriate language)
CLIENT MUDT HAVE CAPACITY:
Understand the facts/choices involved
Weigh up the consequences
Communicate their decision
INSTANCES WHEN CAPACITY MAY BE IMPAIRED
Mentally ill/disturbed (not all the time)
Minors (not able to understand procedure)
Cognitive decline
Discretion of doctor for minor:
Age, maturity, independant, seriousness of treatment, understanding of treatment
abortion arguments against and in support
for:
(main idea) autonomy of the women is sovereign and it is her own body hence her choice with what to do with it
1)prevents opportunity of ppl legally going to get abortion, hospital more safe and less dangerous(reduces harm of the women)
2)inheritable disease-cause pain in future life(approach carefully)+ parents don’t have financial age
-some younger kids who aren’t ready to take on responsibility of a child
against:the autonomy and chance of life for the child is sovereign and valued hence abortion=killing of life= murder (cultural or religious beliefs)
conc: very contraversial and heavily debated matter should leave decision to a specialised advisory body= more versed within this domain
domestic violence
1)stress(personal dispute b/w them)
2)generational trauma (think its acceptable)
3)alc + drug abuse
police relationship
1)regular meetings with community
2)culturally sensitive training
3)build rapport w communities
drug addiction
social
stress and anxiety
how to approach issues
private health care vs public healthcare ethical issues
ethical issues:
-creates a health disparity b/w wealthier and not as wealthy (widens the gap)
-age disparity(younger individuals(like broke uni students) or elders ) hence less access to better care ( chronic issues for elders)
abortion
many different ethical perspectives:
-gender issues(patriarchal 3rd world will prefer males)(which ever gender is favoured)
-may be used as a form of contraception(more unwanted pregnancy=lower value of life
-loss of human life
-whose ultimate choice(two parents)=end of day it is mothers body(autonomy)
higher teen pregnancies(in rural areas)
1)education(low health literacy)
lack of access to education facilities (gov funding) to encourage contraception + lack of understanding surrounding safe sex.(don’t know dangers: unwanted pregnancy+ sti)
2)lack of access to contraceptive (condom and birth control)
solutions for teen pregnancies in rural(and also general)
1) education
incorporate more sex education and safe sex into the school at mature age levels (understand advantages and disadvantages to make an educated choice
1) Facilities(financial)
subsidised
increase funding
approach bruised woman
1) approach in friendly non-confrontational
and be conversational and attempt to ask about the bruises”where did this come from”
2) better to be safe than sorry most likely cant tell -hence call police and report the matter
adv of private
1)more patient orientated/base(who/when will treat )
preference=more comfortable more +ve rel=better trust and hence care
2)takes away some pressure and stress on the public health care system
3)less wait times=greater access
4)access to more specialised doctors more easily
disadvantage of private
1)health disparity(all should have equal access)
2)unnecessary tests to ensure that enough is present b/c funded+ relies on its patients
3) cost
euthanasia ethical issues
-some religious people think play god
-who will make decision
-many may use just to die eg. depression rather than chronic illness.
(unfinished)
adv of euthanasia
-some may be in a lot of pain(remove pain from patients)
disadvantage of euthanasia
loss of life
quite challenging to navigate(eg. family decision)
euthanasia
-must be well informed(informed consent criteria)
-have a lot of unbearable pain
-not a lot of time
ethical issue for organ donars
financial incentive-creates disparity and “forcing” lower socioeconomic individuals
coercion
