Extra

Question 1

Behaviouralism

Answer 1

Behaviouralism: developing an enquiry which was quantitative, based on survey techniques involving the examination of empirical facts separated from values, to provide value-neutral, non-prescriptive, objective observations and scientific explanation of human behaviour

Question 2

Moving away from Eurocentrism post decoloniazation

Answer 2

• formulate abstract universal models, which could explain political phenomena and processes in all the newly de-colonized nations
• Enhanced Scope: examination of politics as a total system, including not merely the state and its institutions but also individuals, social groupings, political parties, interest groups, social movements, etc.
• Single universalistic framework which were applicable across cultural and ideological boundaries and for explaining political process everywhere
• Political phenomenon: political socialization, patterns of political culture, techniques of interest articulation and interest aggregation, styles of political recruitment, extent of political efficacy and political apathy, ruling elites etc

Question 3

Theory of social mobilisation

Answer 3

Deutsch

Question 4

Theiry of centre and periphery

Answer 4

Shil

Question 5

Theory of modernisation

Answer 5

Apter , Romkan , Eisentadt

Question 6

Theory of political development

Answer 6

Aimond, Coleman , pye and Verba

Question 7

Developmentalism

Answer 7

• Comparison of very different nations/societies in terms of scio-political institutions and cultural practices.
• Investigation on evolution of ‘modern’ institutions in the ‘west’ and how ‘New nations’ can follow the path of ‘modernization
• ‘Developmentalism’ was the dominant conceptual paradigm of this time. Closely linked to US foreign policy towards developing countries and its attempt to check the tides of socialism/communism
• New approaches and methodologies: study of political culture, political socialization, developmentalism, dependency and interdependency, corporatism, bureaucratic-authoritarianism and transitions to democracy
• Large scale universal theory building : Easton’s political system, Deutsch’s social mobilisation and Shil’s centre and periphery. The theories of modernisation by Apter, Rokkan, Eisenstadt and the theory of political development by Almond, Coleman, ye and Verba
• These theories were claimed to be applicable across cultural, and were able to explain political processes everywhere

Question 8

Dependency theory

Answer 8

•Dependency theory criticized the dominant model of developmentalism for ignoring (a) domestic class factors and (b) international market and power factors in development. The theory argued that the development of the West had come on the shoulders and at the cost of the non- West.

Question 9

Corporatist approach

Answer 9

• The corporatist approach criticized developmentalism for its Eurocentrism and ethnocentrism and indicated that there were alternative organic, corporatist, often authoritarian ways to organise the state and state-society relations

Question 10

Who said State being part of political system

Answer 10

Almond

Question 11

Evolution of the methods and scope of comparative politics

Answer 11

• Initial phases: Configurative methods, philosophical-normative approach, scope limited to western European countries.
• 50s & 60s : attempts to explain political reality were made through the construction of large scale models - system theory
• 70s: assertion of Third World-ism and the rolling back of these models
• 80s: constriction of the levels of comparison with studies based on regions or smaller numbers of units became prevalent
• 90s, globalization era: the imperatives for large level comparisons increased and the field of comparisons has diversified with the proliferation of non-state, ‘non-governmental actors’ and the increased interconnections between nations with economic linkages and information technology revolution.

Question 12

Shared rule plus shared rule

Answer 12

Regarding federalism - share rolled through a federal central government for common purposes and self rule for constituent units by Daniel Elazar

Question 13

Who gave the two models of unitary form of government?

Answer 13

Daniel elezar

Question 14

Two models of unitary form of government

Answer 14

Hierarchic model:
• Administrative of governing powers arranged in top to bottom like pyramid. Central Government is at top and regional and local Government below it.
• Lower levels of administrative units/Government get whatever power devolved or delegated by the central Government.
• Example: France

Organic Model:
• There may be regional or sub-national constituting units having distinct culture, language, identity, etc. But all of them act like integral part of an organic whole headed by the central Government.
• UK is the best example of organic model. National Governments of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland are devolved many governing powers by the central Government.
But all of them are united as single nation-state and one supreme Government- the central Government.
• This model resembles core-periphery model. Central Government acts like core, and Sub-national/regional units are like periphery drawing powers from the central Government.