extra Flashcards
1
Q
osteopetrosis
A
- increase in bone density due to a failure in bone respiration by osteoclasts
- cause = mutations that impart gen/ function of osteoclsats
- pathogen = bones are more fragile which leads to pathologic fractures
- micro = spicules of bone fill medullary cavity
- consequence = fractures, thrombocytopenia and anaemia
2
Q
toxoplasmosis
A
- cause = toxoplasma gondii
- macro = necrosis of cotyledons and intercondyledonary edema
- micro = necrosis, maybe cysts containing bradyzoites
- consequence. abortion
3
Q
tyzzer’s disease
A
- cause = clostridium piliforme
- macro = enterocolitis + hepatitis in rodents, rabbits
= enlarged, edematous and hemorrhagic abdomen L.N
= hepatomegaly - micro = mucosal necrosis + edema extended in to musculares layer
4
Q
megacolon
A
- large, usually faecal filled colon
- congenital or acquired
- congenital = pigs, dogs, foal and humans
= developmental lack of myenteric plexus so there’s a failure of migration of neuroblasts from neural casts to colorectal myenteric plexus - acquired = secondary to damage to colonic innervation usually traumatic - dog hit by car
= can be secondary to atresia ani
5
Q
IMHA
A
- increased destruction of RBC because of binding of Ig to RBC surface antigens
1. idiopathic in dogs, horse and cattle
2. infection, neoplasia and vaccines - pathogenesis: IgG opsonisation leads to phagocytosis and extravascular haemolysis, IgM binding to complement cascade causes complement activation of membrane of RBC
- consequence = potentially fatal
6
Q
bronchiectasis
A
- permanent dilation of bornchi due to accumulation of exudate and partial rupture of the wall
- cause = severe consequence of corhinc obstructive bronchitis, secondary bacterial infections with P. multicodida, T. pyogens
- macro = bacterial infection causes purulent bronchopneumonia
- distinguish from an abscess macroscopically
7
Q
nephrotic syndrome
A
- seen in severe glomerular lesions
- 4 components: proteinuria - there’s damage to glomerulus, so it has increased permeability and so protein escaped blood
2. edema - due to decreased oncotic pressure
3. hyperchoelsterolemfa - from altered metabolic due to protein loss
4. thrombosis - proteins that inhibit coagulation are lost in urine
8
Q
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
A
- sacromeric defects in cardiomycytes nad mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein C
- macro = progressive thickening of LV and narrowing of the lumen
- micro = myofibril disarray - interweaving pattern rather than parallel arrangement. Mycotye hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis
- consequence = diastolic failure
- usually in young, male
9
Q
patent ductus arteriosus
A
- ductus arteriosus (fetal Communication between aorta and pulmonary artery to bypass collapsed felt lungs_ fails to close after birth due to failure of smooth muscle contraction
- consequence = blood goes from aorta to lungs, too much blood in lungs -> pulmonary hypertension -> concentric hypertrophy -> shunting of blood
- inherited polygenic trait in poodles
10
Q
conjunctivitis
A
- inflame of conjunctiva
- causes = bacteria (chlamydophyla felis), virus (canine distemper), parasites (thelazia) and immune mediated = hypersensitivity
- macro - depend on cause = serious to mucopurulent exudate, hyperemia
- micro = depend on cause = epithelial necrosis, if viral maybe intranuclear inclusions, eosinophils if parasitic, lymphocytes and plasma cells if immune mediated
11
Q
myocarditis
A
- infection of myocardium types = suppurative usually bacteria trapped thromboembolic from vegetative valvular endocarditis = necrotising - toxoplasmosis = hemorrhagic - black leg = lymphocytic - parvovirus myocarditis = eosinophilic - parasites/ idiopathic - consequences = resolution
12
Q
COPD
A
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- cause = unknown - genetic predisposition
- macro = unremarkable
- micro = goblet cell metaplasia, mucus hypersecfretion and some eosinophils
- chronic = hyperplasia of smooth muscle of bronchioles or complete obstruction
- signs = recurrent resp distress, chronic cough
13
Q
endocarditis
A
- inflame of endocardium
- cause = bacteria - strep, strongyles vulgaris in horse
- pathogen = causes damage to valves and bacteria move in and initiate inflam
- macro = cauliflower like lesions
- micro = accumulated layers of fibrin + numerous embeddedd bacterial colonies
- consequence = heart failure, stenosis, embolism
14
Q
pericarditis
A
- inflame of pericardium
1. fibrinous = bacterial septicaemia (black leg) - macro = visceral and parietal covered in yellow fibrin deposits. Micro = eosinophilic layer, consequence = early death
- suppurative = cattle with traumatic reitculoperiotnitis
- macro = surfaces thickened by rough, white mass
- consequence = death due to CHF - constrictive = chronic inflammation lesion accompanied by extensive fibrous tissue that interferes with cardiac filling and output
15
Q
African swine fever
A
- highly contagious febrile haemorrhaged disease
- cause = Asfivirus 1 DNA virus
- pathogen = entry via resp tract
- macro = widespread congestion, edema and haemorrhage
- very similar to classic swine fever but more severe
