Extinction Flashcards
What is spontaneous recovery
Recovery of responding that occurs when the CS is tested some time after the conclusion of extinction
What is renewal?
Recovery of responding when subject is tested in context different from where extinction occurred
What is reinstatement>
Recovery of responding when subject is tested after a non-signalled US presentation
What are the hypotheses of extinction?
Associative loss hypothesis and competing memory hypothesis.
What does the associative loss hypothesis state?
It states that extinction occurs due to unlearning of CS-US association
What does the competing memory hypothesis state?
It states that extinction due to learning of CS-No US association, which competes with CS-US association, inhibiting it
What was Gerull and Rapee’s study on?
It studied modelling in human toddlers, avg ~1.5 years old.
Johanson and Hall’s two experiments?
Pup in cup.
First experiment - Contingency learning in newborn pups.
3 groups. Rewarded group: contingency between paddle pushing and milk, Yoked group, and Non-rewarded group. 1 day old pups were able to learn contingency.
Second experiment - Olfactory learning in newborn pups.
2 groups. Rewarded group and yoked group. Rewarded group given milk every time they pushed on lemon-scented paddle, but not on clove-scented paddle.
Rewarded group learned contingency, but yoked group pushed clove-scented paddle more.
Olsson and Phelps’ vicarious learning study
Participants who watched another given CS-shock pairing, had EDA and neural activity comparable to those in classical conditioning condition upon testing.
Matthews et al. Japanese Quails
2 groups of quails, 2 contexts. Equivalent context (CS), equivalent immediate access to sex (US).
Then quails from context B moved to A. Group A were quicker to make cloacal contact with female.
Above chance level 72% that group A males fertilised eggs.
Akins Japanese Quails
2 groups of quails. 2 contexts, B is unpleasant. 1 group of quail contiguous (US: sex), the other not but still got sex. Paired group shows huge increase in preference for B after 2 trials.
What is latent inhibition?
The reduction in effectiveness of pairing a CS with an US, as a result of prior exposure to the CS.
What is blocking?
When one element of a compound CS has already been paired with the US previously causes a disruption in conditioning, leading to a reduction in contingency.
