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PSYC 351: final > Extinction > Flashcards

Extinction Flashcards

chapter 8

1
Q

Extinction

A

removal of the outcome when it previously occurred
- reducing CR by presenting CS without US

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2
Q

Behavioral variability

A

different levels of responding from same subject

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3
Q

Applied significance

A
  1. exposure therapies
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4
Q

forms of recovery from extinction

A
  1. spontaneous recovery
  2. renewal
  3. reinstatement
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5
Q

what does recovery show us

A

shows that extinction does not eliminate prior learning
- not unlearning!

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6
Q

Spontaneous recovery

A

A return in conditioned response following the passage of time after extinction

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7
Q

Study of spontaneous recovery

A
  • Rescorla 2004
  • extinguished two stimuli, and tested them after 1 day vs 8 days
  • after 8 days it had more recovery
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8
Q

who first observed spontaneous recovery

A

pavlov
- but he though it was inhibition that temporarily was by excitation

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9
Q

renewal effect

A

A recovery of conditioned responding when the contextual cues that were present during extinction are changed

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10
Q

ABA technique

A
  • technique for testing renewal effect
  • condition in A, extinguish in B and test in A
  • testing in A will retrieve contextual cues that will cause recovery
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11
Q

who did the ABA design

A
  • Bouton 2008
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12
Q

Why have a control in ABA design

A

to ensure that responses were not due to excitatory associations between the CR and place.
- A goup that was extinguished in the same context A, had the same results as the test group.

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13
Q

ABC experiment

A
  • condition in A, extinguish in B, and test in C
  • shows that responding memories are harder to retrieve when tested in a new different place. –> no cues means both memories are competing
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14
Q

reinstatement

A

recovery of a conditioned behavior that occurs when the individual encounters the US again

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15
Q

Reinstatement experiment

A
  • lebar and Phelps 2005
  • participants are shown a blue light then a sound and then just the sound and then tested to just CS to test their fear
  • those who got the sound before had more reinstatement
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16
Q

Factors that affect extinction

A
  1. number/spacing of trials
  2. repetition of test cycles
  3. conducting extinction in multiple contexts
  4. reminder cues
  5. compounding extinction stimuli
  6. delay vs immediate
17
Q

Number of extinction trials

A
  • with more tirals there is better extinction
18
Q

spacing of trials

A
  • massed trials produced faster extinction but has more recovery than soaced trials
  • spaced are better for therapies
19
Q

Repetition of test cycles

A
  • more repetitions will lead to more extinction
    ex: rats that are tested 8 times a day, the rate of spontaneous recovery decreases
20
Q

effects of conducting extinction in multiple contexts

A

training in several different contexts can increase extinction

21
Q

effect of reminder cues

A

presenting cues that were present during extinction trainin enhance extinction performance

22
Q

effect of compounding extinction stimuli

A
  • compounding two extinction stimuli together will deepen the extinction
23
Q

compounding extinction experiment

A
  • rescorla 2006
  • condition three separate CS. extinguish 2 together and the will combine their sub-threshold and be less extinguished. but when tested alone, little recovery because it is deepened
24
Q

effects of delayed vs immediate extinction

A
  • delayed will have slower extinction but it will be longer lasting than immediate because of memory consolidation
25
Q

paradoxical reward effects

A
  1. amount of training
  2. magnitude of training
  3. partial reinforcement extinction effect
26
Q

Amount of training effect

A

more acquisition trials will result in better extinction because the frustration effects will be greater when expectation is not met

27
Q

Magnitude of rewards effects

A
  • the greater the rewards in acquisition, the greater the extinction will be
28
Q

partial reinforcement extinction effect

A

partially reinforced stimuli extinguish more slowly than continuously reinforced stimuli

29
Q

explanations for PREE

A
  1. frustration theory (Amsel)
  2. Sequential Theory (capaldi)
30
Q

frustration theory

A
  • amsel
  • non reinforced trials induce frustration and this serves as a cue for reinforced responding
  • they learn that persistence in the light of frustration pays off
31
Q

Sequential theory

A
  • Capaldi
  • if the previous trial was non reinforced its memory serves as a cue for reinforcement on the next trial

PSYC 351: final (1 decks)

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