External Influences

Question 1

4 management functions

Answer 1

Planning - set goals and maintain team
Organizing - assign responsibility for task management
Leading - use leadership to motivate employee
Controlling - monitor activities and make corrections

Question 2

General Administrative Theory (Henri Fayol)

Answer 2

Aim: order and efficiency POCCC
Prevoir(establish goals of future), Organiser, Commander, Coordonner, controler

Question 3

Unity of command

Answer 3

all subordinates in an organization should report and listen to one boss» hierarchical structure

Question 4

unity of direction

Answer 4

all members involved in the same activities must work toward a common goal and share the same objective

Question 5

PESTEL

Answer 5

Political
Economic
Social
Technological
Ecological
Legal

Question 6

Politics

Answer 6

collective decision-making on societally relevant practices

Question 7

Nongovernmental group

Answer 7

advocate and act upon moral issue

Question 8

Economics

Answer 8

production, distribution, and consumption of products and services

Question 9

Market structure

Answer 9

Monopoly> Oligopoly> Monopolistic competition> Perfect competition

Question 10

Market evolution

Answer 10

Business cycles (short, medium, long run)
Industry evolution (introduction, growth, maturity, decline)

Question 11

Geographic differences

Answer 11

International specialization (factor market differences)
International and intranational wealth accumulation and deprivation

Question 12

Sociology

Answer 12

Social structure and interaction patterns

Question 13

Social structure

Answer 13

Demography
Social classes
Migration
Educational level and orientation

Question 14

Social interactions

Answer 14

Degree of harmony
Degree of egalitarianism
Degree of formalism

Question 15

Technology

Answer 15

applying knowledge for practical purposes in a reproducible way
Technology waves
Innovation types
Innovation degrees

Question 16

Technology waves

Answer 16

long-term, clustered innovations

Question 17

Innovation types

Answer 17

Product innovation
Process innovation

Question 18

Innovation degrees

Answer 18

Radical innovation
Incremental innovation

Question 19

Ecology

Answer 19

natural ecosystems
Enabler of business activities
Constraint on business activities

Question 20

Enabler of business activities

Answer 20

Natural resources as inputs
Natural biosystems as outputs

Question 21

Constraint on business activities

Answer 21

Neutralize negative effects on natural ecosystem (externality)
Ecological limits and whims hampering business

Question 22

Law

Answer 22

enforceable government regulations
Types of law
Levels of legislation
Regulatory stringency

Question 23

Types of law

Answer 23

common law: case-based
civil law: codified

Question 24

Levels of legislation

Answer 24

Supranational legislation: across nation-states
National legislation: in nation-state only
Local legislation: in municipality/province/region

Question 25

Regulatory stringency

Answer 25

Level of ambition and sanctions
Enforcement

Question 26

Task environment

Answer 26

direct influence and interactions with business organizations
market environment
nonmarket environment

Question 27

market environment

Answer 27

competitive context of an organization
suppliers
buyers
incumbent rivals
new entrants
substitutes and complementors

Question 28

Non-market environment

Answer 28

direct interactions with noneconomic actors
governments
nongovernmental organisations
neighbours

Question 29

environmental uncertainty

Answer 29

extent to which an organisation’s context is hard to understand and predict
environmental complexity
environmental dynamics

Question 30

environmental dynamics

Answer 30

degree of unpredictable change in an organization’s context

degree of change: rate of fluctuation
unpredictability: unknown direction and rate of fluctuation