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Physical Diagnosis > External Eye > Flashcards

External Eye Flashcards

0
Q

What is used to test near vision?

A

Rosenbaum chart or newspaper print held 14in away

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1
Q

What charts are used to test far vision?

A

Snellen (20ft) and Sloan (10ft)

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2
Q

Define hyperopia

A

Eye has far sight but poor near sight

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3
Q

Define myopia

A

Eye has near sight but poor far sight

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4
Q

Define presbyopia

A

With age lens loses it’s elasticity– diminished near sight but continued far sight

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5
Q

What are vitreous floaters

A

> 50, moving cobwebs, spots, smudges, etc.

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6
Q

How to test peripheral vision

A

Moving or wiggling fingers slowly into field of vision from top, bottom and sides of each eye.

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7
Q

What cranial nerves are being tested through the cardinal planes of gaze?

A

3, 4 & 6

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8
Q

What two tests can be used to check symmetrical alignment of the eyes and therefore binocular fixation?

A

Corneal light reflex and cover-uncover

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9
Q

What is lid (lag) retraction?

A

Upper lid is slow to react as eye looks down. Exposes sclera between lid margin & iris.

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10
Q

What could lid retraction suggest?

A

Hyperthyroidism, CN 7 damage, or tumor behind eye

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11
Q

What is lid (sag) ptosis?

A

Congenital or acquired weakness of levator muscle or paresis of a branch of CN 3 causing lid to droop compared to other eye.

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12
Q

What is Blephaitis

A

Inflammation of eyelash follicles & Meibomian glands. Red, swollen, crusty lid margins. Allergies, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis

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13
Q

What is a Stye (hordeolum)

A

Bacterial infection of a gland in an eyelash follicle. Well circumscribed red, swollen, tender pustule.

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14
Q

What is a chalazion?

A

Hard, painless papule on the eyelid. Due to obstruction of Meibowmian gland.

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15
Q

What is Ectropion?

A

Loss of orbicularis oculi muscle tone with ageing. Lower lid turns outward interfering with proper tear drainage. CN 7 palsy

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16
Q

What is Entropion?

A

Inversion of lower lid due to scar tissue formation on inner surface of lid. Eyelashes irritate cornea & conjunctiva

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17
Q

What is Dacryocystitis

A

Inflammation of the tear sac secondary to chronic obstruction or narrowing of the nasolacrimal duct. Painful swollen nodule between nose & eye.

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18
Q

What is the Conjuctiva?

A

The mucous membrane lining the inside of the lids & visible part of sclera.

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19
Q

What is contagious conjunctivitis?

A

Self-limiting bacterial or viral infection. Red, burning, itchy eyes. Discharge can stick eyes together at night. Minimal pain. Vessels dilate toward center of eye sparing limbus.

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20
Q

What is allergic or chemical conjunctivitis?

A

Less thick discharge. Red, swollen, itchy. Environmental irritants.

21
Q

What is pinguecula?

A

Yellow elastic fibers from plaque on either side of cornea. Chronic irritation to bulbar conjunctiva.

22
Q

What is Pterygium?

A

Sunny, dusty, windy conditions. Stimulate growth of pinguecula forming a vascular membrane extending over cornea.

23
Q

What is subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

Microtraumas like coughing, straining, sneezing. Cause conjunctiva vessel to break trapping blood between clear mucous membrane & sclera

24
Q

What is the sclera?

A

Tough, white outer coat of eye

25
Q

What is a yellow sclera?

A

Sclera thins with age, fatty deposits. Jaundice. Antimalarial drugs.

26
Q

What is a blue sclera?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta allows choroid to show through

27
Q

What is a brown sclera?

A

Patches of melanin, common in dark complexions

28
Q

What is the cornea?

A

Highly reflective, dome-shaped, transparent extension of the sclera. Covers the iris & pupil.

29
Q

What are corneal abrasions?

A

Painful, visual acuity disturbed, conjunctival vessels radiate out from limbus. Aggravated by blinking.

30
Q

What is a corneal arcus/ring?

A

Grayish band along edge of limbus. 60

31
Q

What is a Kayser-Fleischer ring?

A

Golden-brown band around limbus of cornea. Wilson’s disease- copper accumulation.

32
Q

What is iritis?

A

Inflammation of iris due to trauma, secondary or idiopathic. Red, teary, constricted, sluggish pupil. Pain, decreased visual acuity.

33
Q

What should the pupil look like?

A

PERRLA.. Equal, round, & reactive to light & accommodation

34
Q

What is the direct light reflex?

A

Pupil should constrict briskly to light directed at it

35
Q

What is the consensual (indirect) light reflex?

A

Contralateral pupil should constrict.

36
Q

If the Contralateral pupil does not constrict what does that mean?

A

There’s a problem along the neural reflex path

37
Q

What is the accommodation reflex?

A

Eyes constrict & converge as object moves closer

38
Q

What is physiologic (congenital) anisocoria?

A

Pupil inequality

39
Q

What is Anisocoria?

A

Inequality of pupil size, congenital or trauma

40
Q

What is Adie’s tonic pupil

A

Fixed, dilated pupil with poor response to pupillary reflex; idiopathic

41
Q

What is coloboma?

A

Failure of iris to close during fetal development.. Key-hole shaped pupil

42
Q

What is Synechia

A

Irregular shaped pupil from adhesion of iris to cornea in front of it, or lens behind it. Blocks flow of aqueous fluid

43
Q

What causes Synechia

A

Trauma, surgery, cataracts, glaucoma, iritis

44
Q

What is argyll Robertson pupil

A

Decreased or absent response to light reflexes; pupils response to accommodation

45
Q

What disease may cause argyll Robertson pupil

A

Syphilis

46
Q

What is Horner syndrome

A

Miosis, ptosis, due to interruption of sympathetic nerve supply to eye

47
Q

What is Horner syndrome often associated with

A

Damage to cervical sympathetic trunk from mediastinal tumors, bronchogenic or metastatic tumors

48
Q

What is the most common form of glaucoma

A

Chronic glaucoma

49
Q

What is conjunctivitis

A

Dilated vessels radiate from periphery toward limbus of cornea but don’t touch limbus, vision is clear, itchy, burning

50
Q

What is corneal abrasion & iritis

A

Reported injury to eye followed by conjunctival & perilimbal injection, vision affected, constricted pupil, ocular pain

51
Q

What is acute glaucoma

A

Sudden, unexpected, escalating eye pain, altered vision in one eye, corneal edema, perilimbal & conjunctival injection

Physical Diagnosis (5 decks)

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