External Assessment 2020: Psychology Paper 1 Section 1 (Multiple Choice)

Question 1

The Structure of the central nervous system contains?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord only

Question 2

Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter located in the brain?

Answer 2

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Question 3

Explicit attitudes are…

Answer 3

a persons conscious views towards people, objects or concepts

Question 4

Which Process of neurotransmitters is represented in this image?

see study buddy page 205

Answer 4

Action potential

Question 5

An investigation by Minard (1952) found that below ground, 80% of white miners were friendly towards black miners, whereas above ground this dropped to 20%

The behaviour of the miners above ground demonstrates…

Answer 5

Discrimination

Question 6

Experiments by Tajifel (1970) demonstrated that dividing participants into the arbitary groups produces in-group favouritism - the tendency to respond more positively, say with rewards, to the peopl from in groups (‘us’) than people from the out-groups (‘them’)

Which stage of social identity theory do these experiements demonstrate?

Answer 6

Social Catergorisation

Question 7

The cerebellum plays a critical role in…

Answer 7

Coordinating muscle movement, and maintaining posture and balance

Question 8

In the 1920 Little Albert Experiement, Watson taught the child to fear rats by associating them with an unpleasant noise.

Little alberts response of crying and trembling when the rat was presentated is…

Answer 8

A conditioned response

Question 9

An aversive or unpleasant stimulus that strengthens behaviour by its removal is known as..

Answer 9

Negative Reinforcement

Question 10

Researchers showed toddlers their mothers being exposed to a rubber snake. In the control group, the mothers had a neutral expression, while in the experimental group, the mothers reaction was negative (panic and avoidence). The results indicated that when presented with the rubber snake, toddlers tended to react in a similar way to their mothers

The investigation demonstrates modelling because the toddlers

Answer 10

Learned to reproduce the behviours exhibited by the mothers

Question 11

The type of social influence in which a person acts the same way as the group, although they may not agree with everything the majority does, is known as…

Answer 11

Compliance

Question 12

Primary socialisation occurs…

Answer 12

when a child learns appropriate attitudes, values and actions from family members

Question 13

In the experiment by Haney, Banks and Zimbardo (1973), the guards had greater power then the prisoners.

The difference in power was because of the…

Answer 13

Social roles of the partcipants and the social environment of the prison

Question 14

Aronson and Worchel (1966) led participants to believe that the person with whom they had interacted either liked them or disliked them. The results indicated that ‘liking’ had a signifcant effect on the participants feelings for the other person.

Which origin of attraction do the results of this investogation support?

Answer 14

Reciprocity

Question 15

Advertising can influence aggression by using techniques taken from classical conditioning, whereby consumers learn

Answer 15

To associate two previously unrelated stimuli

Question 16

Which language processing region of the brain has been damaged if a person has difficulty speaking and putting together grammatical sentences, but remains able to comprehand language?

Answer 16

Broca’s Area

Question 17

Feinstein et al. (2010) conducted an investiagtion on a human patient, SM, who had a pre-existing brain lesion and was unable to experience fear. Researchers sought to invoke fear in SM by exposing them to live with snakes and spiders and taking them on a tour of a haunted house. During each of these occasions SM did not exhibit any fear. In what part of the brain did SM most likely have a lesion?

Answer 17

Amygdala

Question 18

Acetylcholine is involved in which of the following psychological functions?

Answer 18

Learning and Memory

Question 19

Which of the following statements best describes the semantic memory?

Answer 19

Memory of general world knowledge or facts

Question 20

Tulving and Pearlstone (1966) asked participants to learn lists of words belonging to different catergories, e.g. names of animals, clothing and sports. When asked to recount the words, one group of the participants was given catergory names and the other group was not.

Participants in the group not given catergory names used recall, as it involves

Answer 20

Retrieving stored information using few or no cues for assistance

Question 21

Cole (2013) asked participants to estimate the distance to a target location. Researchers had measured the waist to hip ratios of the participants and manipulated their motivational states. They concluded that these two factors interacted to affect visual perception.

Which of the following biological influences on visual perception best describes this study?

Answer 21

Psychological Make-up

Question 22

The Ames room illusion demonstrates the fallibility of visual perception as it causes the observer to

Answer 22

Misapply size constancy but maintain shape constancy

Question 23

The componets of the tri-component model are known as affective, behavioural and

Answer 23

Cognitive

Question 24

Blaming a person or group for the actions of others or for conditions not of their making is known as

Answer 24

Scapegoating

Question 25

Conversational distance refers to how close people stand to each other when talking and is relatedto the idea of intimate space.

Converstaioal distance is one measure that characterises differences in

Answer 25

Culture

Question 26

Explicit racism is characterised by

Answer 26

any speech or behaviour that demonstrates a conscious awareness of prejudicial attitudes

Question 27

Selact the row in the table that best describes the differences bewteen pularism and multiculturalism

see page 211 in study buddy for table

Answer 27

Row A
Pluraism- Many subcultures within a dominat culture
Multicultralism- Lack of dominant culture

Question 28

Which of the following best describes culture shock?

Answer 28

Feelings of disorientation and anxiety that occur as people from one culture encounter and adpat to another culture

Question 29

An investiagtion By Wixted (1991) allowed partcipants to rehearse words up until the moment of recall. The Stratgey Most likely used by particpants in the investigation to improve their memory was…

Answer 29

Maintence Rehearsal

Question 30

The investigation by Deregowski (1972) found that one group of participants perferred split-type drwaings similar to image A, rather than Perspective drawings similar to image B.

This preference was most likely due to…

see page 212 in study buddy for image

Answer 30

Culture