External Assessment 2020: Psychology Paper 1 Section 1 (Multiple Choice) Flashcards
The Structure of the central nervous system contains?
Brain and spinal cord only
Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter located in the brain?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Explicit attitudes are…
a persons conscious views towards people, objects or concepts
Which Process of neurotransmitters is represented in this image?
see study buddy page 205
Action potential
An investigation by Minard (1952) found that below ground, 80% of white miners were friendly towards black miners, whereas above ground this dropped to 20%
The behaviour of the miners above ground demonstrates…
Discrimination
Experiments by Tajifel (1970) demonstrated that dividing participants into the arbitary groups produces in-group favouritism - the tendency to respond more positively, say with rewards, to the peopl from in groups (‘us’) than people from the out-groups (‘them’)
Which stage of social identity theory do these experiements demonstrate?
Social Catergorisation
The cerebellum plays a critical role in…
Coordinating muscle movement, and maintaining posture and balance
In the 1920 Little Albert Experiement, Watson taught the child to fear rats by associating them with an unpleasant noise.
Little alberts response of crying and trembling when the rat was presentated is…
A conditioned response
An aversive or unpleasant stimulus that strengthens behaviour by its removal is known as..
Negative Reinforcement
Researchers showed toddlers their mothers being exposed to a rubber snake. In the control group, the mothers had a neutral expression, while in the experimental group, the mothers reaction was negative (panic and avoidence). The results indicated that when presented with the rubber snake, toddlers tended to react in a similar way to their mothers
The investigation demonstrates modelling because the toddlers
Learned to reproduce the behviours exhibited by the mothers
The type of social influence in which a person acts the same way as the group, although they may not agree with everything the majority does, is known as…
Compliance
Primary socialisation occurs…
when a child learns appropriate attitudes, values and actions from family members
In the experiment by Haney, Banks and Zimbardo (1973), the guards had greater power then the prisoners.
The difference in power was because of the…
Social roles of the partcipants and the social environment of the prison
Aronson and Worchel (1966) led participants to believe that the person with whom they had interacted either liked them or disliked them. The results indicated that ‘liking’ had a signifcant effect on the participants feelings for the other person.
Which origin of attraction do the results of this investogation support?
Reciprocity
Advertising can influence aggression by using techniques taken from classical conditioning, whereby consumers learn
To associate two previously unrelated stimuli
Which language processing region of the brain has been damaged if a person has difficulty speaking and putting together grammatical sentences, but remains able to comprehand language?
Broca’s Area
Feinstein et al. (2010) conducted an investiagtion on a human patient, SM, who had a pre-existing brain lesion and was unable to experience fear. Researchers sought to invoke fear in SM by exposing them to live with snakes and spiders and taking them on a tour of a haunted house. During each of these occasions SM did not exhibit any fear. In what part of the brain did SM most likely have a lesion?
Amygdala
Acetylcholine is involved in which of the following psychological functions?
Learning and Memory
Which of the following statements best describes the semantic memory?
Memory of general world knowledge or facts
Tulving and Pearlstone (1966) asked participants to learn lists of words belonging to different catergories, e.g. names of animals, clothing and sports. When asked to recount the words, one group of the participants was given catergory names and the other group was not.
Participants in the group not given catergory names used recall, as it involves
Retrieving stored information using few or no cues for assistance
Cole (2013) asked participants to estimate the distance to a target location. Researchers had measured the waist to hip ratios of the participants and manipulated their motivational states. They concluded that these two factors interacted to affect visual perception.
Which of the following biological influences on visual perception best describes this study?
Psychological Make-up
The Ames room illusion demonstrates the fallibility of visual perception as it causes the observer to
Misapply size constancy but maintain shape constancy
The componets of the tri-component model are known as affective, behavioural and
Cognitive
Blaming a person or group for the actions of others or for conditions not of their making is known as
Scapegoating
Conversational distance refers to how close people stand to each other when talking and is relatedto the idea of intimate space.
Converstaioal distance is one measure that characterises differences in
Culture
Explicit racism is characterised by
any speech or behaviour that demonstrates a conscious awareness of prejudicial attitudes
Selact the row in the table that best describes the differences bewteen pularism and multiculturalism
see page 211 in study buddy for table
Row A
Pluraism- Many subcultures within a dominat culture
Multicultralism- Lack of dominant culture
Which of the following best describes culture shock?
Feelings of disorientation and anxiety that occur as people from one culture encounter and adpat to another culture
An investiagtion By Wixted (1991) allowed partcipants to rehearse words up until the moment of recall. The Stratgey Most likely used by particpants in the investigation to improve their memory was…
Maintence Rehearsal
The investigation by Deregowski (1972) found that one group of participants perferred split-type drwaings similar to image A, rather than Perspective drawings similar to image B.
This preference was most likely due to…
see page 212 in study buddy for image
Culture
