Extension: Rat Dissection Terms

Question 1

produces bile, cleans and detoxifies blood, stores glycogen in response to insulin produced by pancreas

Answer 1

liver

Question 2

pumps the blood through the circulatory system by rhythmic contraction and dilation. In vertebrates there may be up to four chambers (as in humans), with two atria and two ventricles

Answer 2

heart

Question 3

muscle sheet that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity, increases the space of the chest cavity to allow lungs to fill with air

Answer 3

diaphragm

Question 4

organs used for gas exchange

Answer 4

lungs

Question 5

cleans blood, removes old red blood cells

Answer 5

spleen

Question 6

extract waste from blood, balance body fluids, form urine, and aid in other important functions of the body

Answer 6

kidneys

Question 7

one of two uterine tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Answer 7

ureter

Question 8

hollow elastic organ that functions as the body’s urine storage tank

Answer 8

urinary bladder

Question 9

enzymes, or digestive juices, produced by this are secreted into the small intestine to further break down food after it has left the stomach. The gland also produces the hormone insulin and secretes it into the bloodstream in order to regulate the body’s glucose or sugar level

Answer 9

pancreas

Question 10

chemical breakdown of foods with strong acids

Answer 10

stomach

Question 11

first and shortest segment of the small intestine. It receives partially digested food (known as chyme) from the stomach and plays a vital role in the chemical digestion of chyme in preparation for absorption in the small intestine

Answer 11

duodenum

Question 12

middle portion of the small intestine, connecting the duodenum and the ileum. It is partially responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream

Answer 12

jejunum

Question 13

the last absorption of nutrients from the food takes place here—amino acids (the end products of protein digestion), fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), fatty acids (the end products of fat digestion), cholesterol, sodium, potassium alcohol, and B12

Answer 13

ileum

Question 14

junction of small and large intestine, sac for fermentation of fibrous plant materials (cellulose)

Answer 14

caecum

Question 15

where the caecum empties into

Answer 15

spiral colon

Question 16

stores the remains of digested food that will be emptied into the rectum

Answer 16

descending colon

Question 17

anchors the small intestines to the back of the abdominal wall

Answer 17

mesentery

Question 18

produces sperm

Answer 18

testis

Question 19

tightly coiled mass of thin tubes that carries sperm from the testes to the ductus deferens in the male reproductive system

Answer 19

epididymis

Question 20

responsible for the development of the embryo and fetus during pregnancy

Answer 20

uterus

Question 21

produce the ova, also called the egg, and certain hormones

Answer 21

ovary