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Biology > Extended Response 1 > Flashcards

Extended Response 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Species interactions

A

Competition
Collaboration
Predation
Disease

Symbiotic
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism

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2
Q

Competition

A

Individuals compete for resources that limits their survival and reproduction
Eg trees competing for sunlight

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3
Q

Collaboration

A

Members of the same species work together to benefit all involved
Eg pack of lions working together to catch their prey

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4
Q

Predation

A

Predators kill prey
The increase in the prey population will also increase the predator population
But increased predator population will result in over hunting

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5
Q

Disease

A

The relationship between a disease and their host can increase or decrease a species genetic diversity, their resilience and adaptive ability

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6
Q

Parasitism

A

Parasite benefits, at expense of host

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7
Q

Mutualism

A

Both benefit

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8
Q

Commensalism

A

One benefits and the other isn’t bothered

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9
Q

Molecular sequences

A
  • looking at similarities and differences in DNA sequences help scientists to classify organisms
  • order of DNA affects physical features
  • order of amino acids and similarities between organisms help identify if they are related
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10
Q

Physical features

A

Physical characteristics is the simplest ways of classifying organisms

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11
Q

Taxonomic levels

A
  • domain
  • kingdom
  • phylum
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species
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12
Q

Evolutionary relatedness

A

Finding whether organisms are related helps to classify them
All living things have a common ancestor and organisms can adapt over time and create new species
Phylogenetic trees help to find evolutionary relatedness

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13
Q

Terrestrial environments

A
  • tundra
  • deserts
  • grasslands
  • forests
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14
Q

Aquatic environments

A
  • oceans
  • lakes
    -rivers
  • bays
  • estuaries
  • streams
  • ponds
  • swamps
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15
Q

Abiotic factors

A
  • sunlight
  • oxygen
  • water
  • temperature
  • rainfall
  • altitude
  • substrate
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16
Q

Biotic factors

A
  • predators
  • prey
  • competitors
  • parasites
  • pathogens
17
Q

Component species

A

Ecosystems are often named after the dominant species present

18
Q

Substrate

A

The supporting surface on which organisms grow
- the physical and chemical features of the soil help to determine what what plants can grow there

19
Q

Climate in classification

A

Temperature, levels of water, light and water and help classify an environment
Climate also helps determine the biodiversity of an environment and what plants and animals live there, eg desert

20
Q

Biotic and abiotic factors in classification

A

A - temperature, altitude and availability of water help to classify environments
B - the types if prey, predators and competitors help classify environments

21
Q

Biotic component- Energy Flow

A
  • energy from the sun is captured by producers (autotrophs) and make it into chemical energy through photosynthesis
  • energy is transferred along food chain and used by consumers (Heterotrophs) that rely on producers for energy directly or indirectly
  • only 10% of energy is transferred at each link, the rest is lost to heat
22
Q

Sun

A
  • the sun provides most of the earths energy as solar energy
  • plants capture and transform it into glucose which can then cycle through ecosystems
23
Q

Biogeochemical cycle

A
  • the pathway of matter through the living and non-living components of an ecosystem
24
Q

Food webs

A

Show the possible feeding relationships in an ecosystem
Producer, tertiary consumers, secondary consumer, apex predators

25
Q

Biomass

A

The total mass of biological matter in a given area, measured as dry weight

26
Q

Biomass pyramid

A

Shows the total amount of dry organic matter at each trophic level

27
Q

Methods of reproduction

A

Sexually ( mixing of gametes) and Asexually ( without gametes)
- the way that organisms reproduce helps scientists to divide and classify then
Mammals
Eutherian - give birth to fully developed offspring
Marsupials- give birth to not yet fully developed and grows in pouch
Monotreme - mammals that lay eggs

Biology (3 decks)

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