EXPT 1: pH and BUFFER SOLUTIONS

Question 1

is a measure of the concentration of
hydrogen ions (H+
) in a solution.

Answer 1

PH

Question 2

: a scale used to measure the
concentration of H+
ions in a solution, ranging
from 0 (strongly acidic) to 14 (strongly basic).

Answer 2

pH scale

Question 3

pH is calculated using the formula

Answer 3

pH = -log[H+]

Question 4

is the concentration of hydrogen
ions in moles per liter (M).

Answer 4

[H+] Acid

Question 5

are mixtures of a weak acid
and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its
conjugate acid, that resist changes in pH

Answer 5

Buffer solutions

Question 6

substances that donate H+
ions (protons) when dissolved in water.

Answer 6

Acid

Question 7

a pair of
substances that differ by one proton.

Answer 7

Acid/conjugate-base pair
Base/conjugate-acid pair

Question 7

substances that accept H+
ions (protons) when dissolved in water.

Answer 7

Bases

Question 8

substances that increase the
concentration of H+
ions in a solution.

Answer 8

Acids

Question 8

substances that increase the
concentration of OH ions in a solution.

Answer 8

Bases

Question 8

completely dissociate in water,
releasing all their H+
ions.

Answer 8

Strong Acids

Question 9

completely dissociate in
water, releasing all their OH ions.

Answer 9

Strong Base

Question 9

partially dissociate in water,
releasing some of their H+
ions.

Answer 9

Weak Acids

Question 10

partially dissociate in water,
releasing some of their OH ions.

Answer 10

Weak Base

Question 10

substances that change color
in response to changes in pH.

Answer 10

PH indicators

Question 11

a qualitative method that uses
a pH indicator to determine if a solution is
acidic or basic.

Answer 11

Litmus paper

Question 11

a quantitative method that uses a
device to measure the pH of a solution

Answer 11

PH meters

Question 12

a quantitative method that uses a
pH indicator to measure the pH of a solution.

Answer 12

PH paper

Question 13

is a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its
conjugate acid, that resists changes in pH.

Answer 13

Buffers

Question 14

consists of
carbonic acid (H2CO3) and its conjugate base, bicarbonate (HCO3-)

Answer 14

Carbonate buffer system

Question 15

Function of the carbonate buffer system

Answer 15

regulates the pH of the blood by neutralizing excess H+ ions.

Question 16

contain amino acids with acidic or basic side chains can act as buffers.

Answer 16

Proteins

Question 16

consists of dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) and its conjugate base, hydrogen phosphate, HPO4 2-

Answer 16

Phosphate buffer system

Question 17

have a carboxyl group (-COOH),

Answer 17

Amino Acids

Question 17

Function of Phosphate buffer system

Answer 17

regulates the pH of the cytosol of cells.

Question 18

is deprotonated when it reacts with OH to produce its conjugate base and water, decreasing the pH

Answer 18

The carboxyl group

Question 19

is protonated when it reacts with H3O+ to produce its conjugate base and water, increasing the pH.

Answer 19

The amino group

Question 20

is a mathematical equation that relates the pH of a buffer solution to the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base.

Answer 20

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Question 21

a measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in a solution

Answer 21

pOH

Question 22

pH and pOH are related by the equation:

Answer 22

pH + pOH = 14

Question 23

acid dissociation constant

Answer 23

pKa

Question 24

concentration of the conjugate base

Answer 24

[A-]

Question 25

concentration of the weak acid

Answer 25

[HA]

Question 26

concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter (M)

Answer 26

[H+]

Question 27

is crucial for proper bodily functions, as even small changes can lead to severe consequences.

Answer 27

Regulation of Blood pH

Question 28

play a vital role in regulating blood pH by controlling the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood.

Answer 28

The lungs

Question 29

the lungs decrease the rate and volume of breathing to retain more CO2 in the body. This helps to increase the acidity of the blood.

Answer 29

Decreasing ventilation

Question 29

the lungs increase the rate and volume of breathing to eliminate more CO2 from the body .This helps to reduce the acidity of the blood.

Answer 29

Increasing ventilation

Question 30

an organ that also play a crucial role in regulating blood pH by controlling the amount of acid and bicarbonate in the blood.

Answer 30

The kidneys

Question 31

The kidneys also reclaim bicarbonate ions from the glomerular filtrate, which helps to increase the alkalinity of the blood.

Answer 31

Reclaiming HCO3

Question 32

The kidneys excrete excess hydrogen ions (H+) from the blood, which helps to reduce the acidity of the blood.

Answer 32

Excreting acid

Question 33

plays a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance in the bloodstream

Answer 33

The carbonic acid buffer system

Question 34

act as a third type of blood buffer, containing both proton acceptors and donors.

Answer 34

Protein buffer system

Question 35

Understanding these buffer systems is essential in diagnosing and managing various acid-base disorders

Answer 35

Clinical correlations