Expressionism Midterm

Question 1

Immanuel Kant

Answer 1

18th c. Ger. Philosopher; art & genius; Beauty & the sublime; art can be tasteful, yet useless (aesthetics); in some ways inspired the Fauves way of returning to nature (Wild Beasts); Critique of Judgement, 1790: art is self-sufficient

Question 2

Significant form

Answer 2

Clive Bell’s theory 1914 (Art); lines and colors within works that help to invoke emotion; PERSONAL

Question 3

Modernism

Answer 3

rupture from the past, autonomy of art; rooted in cubism; Pollock says it “cultural negotiation and critical reception of this new consciousness”

Question 4

Anti-Modernism

Answer 4

return to the primitive, untrained and basic; Die Brucke; Die Blauer Reiter; Female nude

Question 5

Expressionism

Answer 5

focusing on the individual emotion. Kandinsky

Question 6

Die Brücke

Answer 6

1905: (the bridge) Pechstein, Emil Nolde, Kirchner, Heckel; tied up in the nude, primitivism, colonialism/orientalism; looking at city vs. country. SIMMEL. WOODCUT

Question 7

Georg Simmel

Answer 7

GER theorist; anti-city (causes anxiety); tied to Fauves; article ” The Metropolis and Mental Life”

Question 8

Woodcut

Answer 8

stylistically inspired the Fauves, Die Brucke; said to rep. German Nationalism (Reisenfeld); Bathers at Moritzberg, Kirchner

Question 9

Fauvism

Answer 9

German NOT FORMAL GROUP; blocked color fields; 1905 founding, Matisse, Derain, Braque, Vlaminck; spontaneous view of nature; looked to neo-Imp, Cezanne. COLOR; interest in exoticism ex) Gaiger, “Expressionism and the Crisis of Subjectivity: The Fauves” ; James Herbert, “Painters and Tourists in the Classical Landscape”

Question 10

Salon d’Automne

Answer 10

annual show in Paris since 1909

Question 11

Primitive

Answer 11

style looking to “uncivilized” cultures (i.e Africa, Asia); The Fauves, Modernsohn-Becker

Question 12

Der Blauer Reiter

Answer 12

Periodical created by Kandinsky; also group including Kandinsky, Kirchner, Marc;

Question 13

F.T. Marinetti

Answer 13

leader of the Futurist movement; wrote multiple explosive manifestos describing what he wanted to accomplish with art, and politics

Question 14

Orphism/Simultanism

Answer 14

focus on time; Delaunays. How sight, optics influence viewer experience; influenced by Neo-Imp (think Seurat, Pissarro) and how color theory by Chevreul (color wheel)

Question 15

Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler

Answer 15

Ger. Gallery owner who represented Picasso and Braque; controlled the market on Cubism, “Cubism, the Avant-Garde and the Liberal Republic,” COTTINGTON

Question 16

Cubism

Answer 16

Movement looking to fragmentary, geometric works. Picasso and Braque seen as the forerunners, though the salon cubists also played a (different) but important role. Cooper, Rosenblum, Cottington. Gallery (B & P) vs. Salon (Gleizes, Severini

Question 17

Futurism

Answer 17

Italian art movement linked to politics, technology; the crowd as feminine, malleable (Poggi); the energy of the crowd to elicit political change

Question 18

La Ruche

Answer 18

(beehive) Italians, Russians; pro-primitive; Chagal; Modigliani; Montparnasse neighborhood, low cost studio in 1910s-20s, especially immigrants