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vocab > Express > Flashcards

Express Flashcards

1
Q

denote v

A

to mean something = signify, stand for, symbolize

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2
Q

vexed adj =

A

annoyed, frustrated, or worried. | problematic, difficult

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3
Q

indignant adj

A

angry because of an unfair situation or someone’s unfair treatment : aggrieved , resentful

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4
Q

perch v perched adj v

A

If you perch on something, you sit down lightly on the very edge or tip of it.

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5
Q

x is bounded by

A

If someone’s life or situation is bounded by certain things, those are its most important aspects and it is limited or restricted by them.
Our lives are bounded by work, family and television.
Synonyms: limit, fix, define, restrict

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6
Q

bound n

A

long or high jump.
She leaps in one bound onto her pony’s back for a speedy canter around the ring.
Synonyms: leap, bob, spring, jump

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7
Q

Bounds n

A

limits which normally restrict what can happen or what people can do.
- a forceful personality willing to go beyond the bounds of convention

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8
Q

some area is bounded by

A

If an area of land is bounded by something, that thing is situated around its edge.
- the park, bounded by two busy main roads and a huge housing estate
surround, confine, enclose, terminate

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9
Q

bound v

A

If the quantity or performance of something bounds ahead, it increases or improves quickly and suddenly.
- The shares bounded ahead a further 11p to 311p.

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10
Q
  • I’m pretty desk-bound, which is very frustrating.
  • a glimmer of sun on a frost-bound field.
  • a tradition-bound university.
A
  • describe a person who finds it impossible or very difficult to leave the specified place.
  • describe a place that is greatly affected by the specified type of weather.
  • describe something or someone that is prevented from working properly or is badly affected by the specified situation.
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11
Q

set exam vs sit an exam

A

prepare vs take an exam

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12
Q

await v

A

wait for, expect
He’s awaiting trial,
there will be a A nasty surprise awaited them

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13
Q

vulgar adj

A

marked by lack of taste, culture, delicacy, manners.
rude behavior or bad quality .

Synonyms: tasteless, crudeness, rudeness.

  • I think it’s a very vulgar house.
  • The film is tasteless, vulgar and even badly shot.
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14
Q

scorching adj

A

hot, sweltering ,broiling

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15
Q

ravenous adj

A

starving starved very hungry

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16
Q

parched adj

A

dried out or up, or very thirsty

parched earth/fields/corn

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17
Q

destitute adj

A

penniless, poor, impoverished, poverty-stricken

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18
Q

sluggish adj

A

very slow, inactive

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19
Q

jubilant adj

A

overjoyed, rejoicing , very happy, thrilled ,delighted

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20
Q

squalid adj

A

dirty filthy foul

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21
Q

tangible adj

A

perceptible by touch.or real and not imaginary; able to be shown, touched, or experienced:

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22
Q

prototype v , n

A

a first, typical or preliminary model of something, from which other forms are developed or copied.

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23
Q

rigorous adj

A

severe or difficult, esp. because at a high level:

meticulous punctilious diligent conscientious

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24
Q

Dictate v

A

order or to influence something by making it necessary

  • The characteristics of the land dictate much of what can be built.
  • I wanted to take a year off, but my financial situation dictated that I got a job.
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25
Q

Binge n v

A 
N:To go on a binge is to do a lot of something:
He’s on a binge, eating everything 
in sight.
a drinking/eating/spending binge.
He went on a five day drinking binge.

V: I tend to binge on ice cream when I’m lonely.

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26
Q

reputable adj

A

having a good reputation: known to be honest and to do good work:

  • a reputable company/dealer/brand
  • Buy shares only from reputable sources.
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27
Q

Amendment n

A

a change or changes made to the words of a text:

a change to a law, either one that has already been passed or one that is still being discussed:

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28
Q

tenacious adj

A

unwilling to accept defeat or stop doing or having something:
holding tightly onto something, or keeping an opinion in a determined way:

  • The baby took my finger in its tenacious little fist.
  • There has been tenacious local opposition to the new airport.
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29
Q

linear adj

A

consisting of or related to straight lines:
or (esp. of stories or ideas) continuing in a clear and reasonable way from one part to the next:

direct and clear:

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30
Q

Sequential adj

A

forming or following in a logical order or sequence.

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31
Q

beautification

A

the process of improving the appearance of someone or something:

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32
Q

hypocrite adj

A

someone who says they have particular moral beliefs but behaves in way that shows these are not sincere:

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33
Q

interrogate v

A

ask questions of (someone, especially a suspect or a prisoner) closely, aggressively, or formally.

The man was held and interrogated for five hours.

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34
Q

reciprocate v

A

respond to (a gesture or action) by making a corresponding one.

We gave them information, but they didn’t reciprocate.
Hemingway loved Stein and she reciprocated his love.
Sadly, my feelings for him were not reciprocated.

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35
Q

drafty adj

A

(of an enclosed space) cold and uncomfortable because of currents of cool air.

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36
Q

furnace n

A

a container for holding burning substances, usually to heat buildings or to melt metals and other materials

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37
Q

Census n

A

an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals.

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38
Q

procrastinating n

A

to keep delaying something that must be done, often because it is unpleasant or boring:

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39
Q

curfew n

A

a rule that everyone must stay at home between particular times, usually at night, especially during a war or a period of political trouble:

  • to impose/lift a curfew
  • a midnight curfew
  • He was shot for breaking (= not obeying) the curfew.

or a time by which a child must be home in the evening:

  • You’ll be in trouble if you get home after curfew.
  • Past his/her curfew
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40
Q

futility n futile adj

A

pointlessness or uselessness.

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41
Q

prevailing adj

A

current
The bank said it will buy the shares at the prevailing market price.
prevailing economic/market conditions

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42
Q

perilous adj

A

dangerous , hazardous, risky ,unsafe

extremely dangerous:

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43
Q

phony adj

A

raudulent, spurious, fake, deceptive

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44
Q

lo and behold

A

something that you say when you tell someone about something surprising that happened

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45
Q

arbitrary adj

A

based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.

arbitrary decision-making
Did you have a reason for choosing your destination or was it arbitrary?

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46
Q

adherent of adj

A

supporter defender advocate or sticky
an adherent surface
She has been an adherent of home schooling for years.

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47
Q

populist adj

A

a person or a politician

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48
Q

gloopy adj

A

= thick or sticky

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49
Q

spontaneously adv

A

= naturally without being planned

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50
Q

intuitive adj

A

= based on feelings rather than facts or proof: instinctive

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51
Q

contract v

A

= decrease, shrink, diminish, get smaller, reduce, decline

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52
Q

assimilate v

A

= integrate or understand or absorbed by the body

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53
Q

distilled , distill, distillation =

A

the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling.

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54
Q

layer v =

A

to arrange something in layers

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55
Q

improvise v

A

extemporize : create and perform (music, drama, or verse) spontaneously or without preparation.

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56
Q

cascade v n

A

to fall quickly and in large amounts:
coins cascaded from/out of the fruit machine.

a small waterfall, often one of a group

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57
Q

crucifixion n

A

the act of killing someone by fixing that person to a cross and leaving him or her to die, or the death of Jesus on a cross

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58
Q

altitude n

A

the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level.

The city of Denver is situated at an altitude of almost exactly one mile.
We are currently flying at an altitude of 15,000 metres.
Mountain climbers use oxygen when they reach higher altitudes.

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59
Q

outlaw v

A

ban; make illegal.

banish exile expel ban bar prohibit forbid

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60
Q

aggravate v

A

compound

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61
Q

bulldozed blldozer

A

clear (ground) or destroy (buildings, trees, etc.) with a bulldozer.

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62
Q

condominiums

A

a building or complex of buildings containing a number of individually owned apartments or houses.

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63
Q

patriotic adj

A

having or expressing devotion to and vigorous support for one’s country.

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64
Q

pierce v

A

(of a sharp pointed object) go into or through (something).

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65
Q

nauseating

A

sickening nauseous sickly disgusting

causing or liable to cause a feeling of nausea or disgust; disgusting.

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66
Q

gravity n

A

seriousness importance significance

extreme or alarming importance; seriousness.

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67
Q

inanimate adj

A

not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans.

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68
Q

involuntarily adv

A

in a way that is not willing, intentional, or by choice:
Many workers claimed that they were involuntarily exposed to secondhand smoke.
Her arms and legs began to shake involuntarily.
The law made it easier to involuntarily commit the mentally ill to a psychiatric hospital.

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69
Q

pivot ,v

A

to turn or twist, rotate, swivel
She pivots her left foot.
He pivoted on his heels and headed out.
Future deals will pivot on (= depend on) easing commercial conflicts.

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70
Q

pivot n

A

a fixed point supporting something which turns or balances, or a person or thing on which something else depends:

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71
Q

audit v

A

attend (a class) informally, not for academic credit.

conduct an official financial examination of (an individual’s or organization’s accounts).

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72
Q

audit n

A

an official examination of the accounts of a business:

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73
Q

Nepotism n

A

favoritism, preferential, treatment

the practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs.

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74
Q

stigmatize v

A

condemn, denounce, label, mark out
describe or regard as worthy of disgrace or great disapproval.
People should not be stigmatized on the basis of race.

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75
Q

skeptic n

A

a person inclined to question or doubt all accepted opinions.

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76
Q

agonizing adj

A

excruciating, harrowing, racking, searing, extremely painful, acute, severe, torturous
causing extreme physical or mental pain or causing extreme worry:
- an agonizing death

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77
Q

recoil v

A

suddenly spring or flinch back in fear, horror, or disgust.
He leaned forward to kiss her and she recoiled in horror.
I recoiled from the smell and the filth.
She wondered how it would be to touch him and recoiled at the thought.

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78
Q

encompass v

A

cover, surround, include, cover
to include different types of things:/ surround and have or hold within.

-The plan encompasses repaving the street and planting 40 new trees.

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79
Q

negligible adj

A

trivial trifling insignificant unimportant minor inconsequential
so small or unimportant as to be not worth considering; insignificant.

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80
Q

pensive adj

A

thoughtful reflective meditative

quiet and thinking seriously:

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81
Q

combative adj

A

pugnacious aggressive argumentative

eager to fight or argue:

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82
Q

interrelated adj

A

connected in such a way that each thing has an effect on or depends on the other:
interrelated problems/issues/activities
Anxiety and depression are often interrelated.

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83
Q

reciprocate reciprocated v

A

respond to (a gesture or action) by making a corresponding one / If a part of a machine reciprocates, it moves backwards and forwards:
Some electric razors have reciprocating heads.
We gave them information, but they didn’t reciprocate.
Hemingway loved Stein and she reciprocated his love.

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84
Q

piques v

A

stimulate arouse rouse provoke excite
excite or cause interest:
Labor law piqued his interest in law school.

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85
Q

pervasive adj

A

prevalent pervading permeating extensive
present or noticeable in every part of a thing or place:
The influence of Freud is pervasive in her books.
a pervasive smell of diesel

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86
Q

stagnate v

A

(of water or air) cease to flow or move; become stagnant./ to stay the same and not grow or develop:
The electronics industry is showing signs of stagnating after 15 years of growth.
Relationships have to keep moving forward or they stagnate and die.

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87
Q

counterintuitive adj counter-intuitive

A

Something that is counter-intuitive does not happen in the way you would expect it to:
Steering a sailboat is counter-intuitive - you push the tiller the opposite way to the way you want to go.

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88
Q

intangible adj

A

unable to be touched or grasped; not having physical presence.
She has that intangible quality which you might call charisma.
intangible assets such as goodwill

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89
Q

bewilder v

A

baffle mystify perplex puzzle confuse

cause (someone) to become perplexed and confused.

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90
Q

bestow bestowed v

A

confer, grant
to give something as an honour or present: a title, degree, benefit, or right
The George Cross is a decoration that is bestowed upon/on British civilians for acts of great bravery.

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91
Q

seemingly adv

A

apparently, on the face of it, to all appearances, as far as one can see/tell
according to the facts that you know:

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92
Q

receptive adj

A

willing to listen to and accept new ideas and suggestions:

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93
Q

adversity n

A

difficulties; misfortune.

94
Q

insightful adj

A

having or showing an accurate and deep understanding; perceptive.
She has written an insightful account of the modern art world.
He was, of course, very funny and insightful.

95
Q

Imaginative adj

A

creative visionary inspired inventive resourceful ingenious original innovative innovatory
having or showing creativity or inventiveness.

96
Q

novel adj

A

new or unusual in an interesting way.

unusual unfamiliar unconventional

97
Q

mathematician n

A

an expert in or student of mathematics.

98
Q

Unearth v

A

find (something) in the ground by digging./ to discover proof or some other information, especially after careful searching:

  • A private detective has unearthed some fresh evidence.
  • Building at the site was halted after human remains were unearthed earlier this month.
99
Q

lump

A

chunk, hunk, piece, mass

a compact mass of a substance, especially one without a definite or regular shape.

100
Q

pride itself/themselves/yourself on sth

A

to value a special quality or ability that you have:

He prides himself on his singing.

101
Q

inventiveness n

A

the quality of being inventive; creativity.

102
Q

vigorous adj

A

robust, healthy, hale and hearty, strong sturdy
very forceful or energetic/ healthy and strong:

  • vigorous growth/debate/exercise
103
Q

intellect n intellectual adj

A

mental, cognitive, rational

the ability to understand and to think in an intelligent way:

  • He is a man more noted for his intellect than his charm.
104
Q

unrelenting adj

A

implacable, inflexible, uncompromising, unyielding, unbending, relentless, determined

extremely determined; never becoming weaker or admitting defeat:

105
Q

discrepancy n

A

difference, disparity, variance, variation

a difference between two figures, results, etc. that are expected to be the same:

  • a huge/growing/wide discrepancy
  • account for/explain a discrepancy: An official spokesman refused to explain the discrepancy.
106
Q

trek v

A

go on a long arduous journey, typically on foot./ to walk a long distance, usually over land such as hills, mountains, or forests:

  • Many people trekked for miles to reach safety.
  • We spent the day trekking through forests and over mountains.
107
Q

pitch v

A

to move or be moved suddenly, especially by throwing or being thrown:
She pitched the stone into the river.
The ball pitched (= landed) short.
The bike hit a rut and I was pitched (forward) onto the road.
The ship pitched up and down/from side to side in the rough seas.

108
Q

hazard n,v

A

n : danger risk threat
v: risk , jeopardize, endanger, gamble
v : put (something) at risk of being lost.

109
Q

mortify v

A

embarrass, humiliate, chagrin, discomfit, shame

  • The thought of the incident still mortified her.
  • He’s mortified by the fact that at 38 he still lives at home with his mother.
110
Q

normalize v

A

bring or return to a normal condition or state.

  • They claim that the new drug normalizes blood pressure.
  • Relations between the two countries are gradually normalizing.
111
Q

mitigate v

A

alleviate, reduce, diminish, lessen, weaken, lighten, attenuate, ease

112
Q

remorse n

A

contrition, deep regret, repentance, penitence, guilt

deep regret or guilt for a wrong committed.

113
Q

glint v

A

shine, gleam, catch the light, glitter, sparkle, twinkle, glimmer, shimmer, glisten, flash, glister

114
Q

offset n v

A

counterbalance, balance (out), cancel (out) ,even out/up, counteract
counteract (something) by having an opposing force or effect.

The extra cost of travelling to work is offset by the lower price of houses here.

115
Q

mounting adj

A

increase, grow, rise, escalate, soar, spiral,

gradually increasing:
mounting anxiety/excitement
mounting debts

116
Q

lessen v

A

reduce, make less/smaller, minimize, decrease, diminish, decline, subside, weaken
A healthy diet can lessen the risk of heart disease.

117
Q

longshoreman n

A

docker , stevedore

a person employed in a port to load and unload ships.

118
Q

porch n

A

a covered shelter projecting in front of the entrance of a building.

119
Q

carpool n v

A

a group of people who travel together, especially to work or school, usually in a different member’s car each day

120
Q

Leasing n

A

grant (property) on lease; let , rent out

121
Q

thrift shop

A

A thrift shop or thrift store is a shop that sells used goods cheaply and gives its profits to a charity.

122
Q

storefronts us shopworn uk

A

the part of a shop that faces the road:

123
Q

dime n

A

an American or Canadian coin that has the value of ten cents / used in expressions to refer to a very small amount of money:

124
Q

patronize v

A

to speak to or behave towards someone as if they are stupid or not important:
look down on, talk down to, put down, treat like a child

frequent (a store, theater, restaurant, or other establishment) as a customer.
do business with, buy from, shop at, be a customer of, be a client of

-restaurants remaining open in the evening were well patronized

125
Q

circumstance n

A

financial or material welfare.

  • Grants are available depending on your circumstances.
  • By now she was alone and living in reduced circumstances (= with little money).
126
Q

rusty adj

A

out of practice, below par, unpracticed ,deficient, impaired, weak
(of knowledge or a skill) impaired by lack of recent practice.

127
Q

blackout n

A

a failure of electrical power supply: power failure power outage

128
Q

sully v

A

damage the purity or integrity of someones’s reputation ; defile.

  • His reputation, he said, had been unfairly sullied by half-truths and innuendos.
129
Q

inexcusable adj

A

too bad to be justified or tolerated.

indefensible, unjustifiable, unwarranted, unpardonable, unforgivable,

130
Q

hoarding n

A

the act of collecting large amounts of something and keeping it for yourself, often in a secret place:
- The food shortages have been exacerbated by hoarding.

131
Q

ramification n

A

consequence, result, outcome, effect

a consequence of an action or event, especially when complex or unwelcome.

132
Q

impulsive adj

A

impetuous, spontaneous, hasty, rash, reckless, careless

acting or done without forethought.

133
Q

safecracker n

A

a person who breaks open and robs safes.

134
Q

resourceful adj

A

ingenious, enterprising, inventive, creative, clever

having the ability to find quick and clever ways to overcome difficulties.

135
Q

risk-averse adj

A

unwilling to take risks or wanting to avoid risks as much as possible:

136
Q

trenches

A

ditch, channel, trough, excavation

a narrow hole that is dug into the ground:

137
Q

lateral adj

A

sideways, sidewise, sideward, edgewise

relating to the sides of an object or plant or to sideways movement:

138
Q

entrench v

A

ingrained, established, well-established,
fixed, deep-seated, deep-rooted
establish (an attitude, habit, or belief) so firmly that change is very difficult or unlikely.

139
Q

novice n

A

beginner, neophyte, newcomer, initiate, fledgling, apprentice, trainee
a person new to or inexperienced in a field or situation.

140
Q

intuition

A

instinct, intuitiveness, sixth sense

141
Q

Grabble v

A

Wrestle, struggle, fight

to fight, especially in order to win something:
The children grappled for the ball.

142
Q

iterate v

A

Perform repeatedly

to repeat a process, especially as part of a computer program

143
Q

Geared adj

A

Designed or adjusted in specific way esp in machines

These application were more geared toward developer but not ordinary people

144
Q

moderator

A

Arbitrator, mediator

the manager of a public discussion:
The moderator allowed each side two minutes to sum up at the end of the televised debate.

145
Q

untiquical

A

Not traditional or conventional

146
Q

corrosion n

A

the process of corroding, or metal that has been corroded:

There was a lot of corrosion on the bottom of the car.
figurative We are witnessing the corrosion of moral standards within our society.

147
Q

Cohort n

A

Supporter of a leader or A group of people who share a characteristic, usually age:

About 42% of women in this age cohort have a college degree.
This year’s cohort of graduates will have particular difficulties finding jobs.

148
Q

articulate v

A

to express in words:
I found myself unable to articulate my feelings.
Many people are opposed to the new law, but have had no opportunity to articulate their opposition

149
Q

overlap v

A

extend over so as to cover partly.
The fence is made of panels that overlap (each other).
My musical tastes don’t overlap with my brother’s at all.

150
Q

typo n

A

a typographical error.

151
Q

Precipitation n

A

rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground.

152
Q

deem v

A

regard or consider in a specified way.

consider, regard as, view as, see as

153
Q

pertain to something phrasal verb

A

concern, relate to, connected with, be relevant to
to relate to or have a connection with something:

regulations pertaining to high-tech industries
Seaweed’s properties, as they pertain to skin care, are still in dispute.

154
Q

variable n, adj

A

n: ارقام متغيرات
adj : likely to change often:

a variable interest rate
British weather is perhaps at its most variable in the spring.

155
Q

Curate very

A

select, organize, and look after the items in (a collection or exhibition).

A number of displays were carefully curated , scholarly exhibitions.

156
Q

compelling adj

A

enthralling ,captivating
evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way. or make u believe them because they are so strong

compelling evidence
It’s a fairly compelling argument for going.
I found the whole film very compelling.
a compelling story

157
Q

persona n

A

the aspect of someone’s character that is presented to or perceived by others.

158
Q

encompass v

A

include, cover or surround, embrace

The festival is to encompass everything from music, theater, and ballet to literature, cinema, and the visual arts.

He it was whom the sorrows of death encompassed …

159
Q

albeit

A

although
The evening was very pleasant, albeit a little quiet.
He tried, albeit without success.

160
Q

mirror v

A

(of a reflective surface) show a reflection of.
or to represent something honestly:

Our newspaper aims to mirror the opinions of ordinary people.

161
Q

competent adj

A

having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something successfully.

a competent secretary/rider/cook
I wouldn’t say he was brilliant but he is competent at his job.

162
Q

shortcomings n

A

defect fault flaw imperfection deficiency limitation
a fault or a failure to reach a particular standard:

Whatever his shortcomings as a husband, he was a good father to his children.
Like any political system, it has its shortcomings.
My father had some shortcomings as a businessman, but he was a good father.

163
Q

Deploy v

A

to use something or someone, especially in an effective way:
The company is reconsidering the way in which it deploys its resources/staff.
My job doesn’t really allow me fully to deploy my skills/talents.
or:
to move soldiers or equipment to a place where they can be used when they are needed:
The decision has been made to deploy extra troops/more powerful weapons.

164
Q

extendable adj

A

Something that is extendable can be made longer:
an extendable ladder
The lease on the office is extendable.

165
Q

affluent adj

A

having a lot of money or owning a lot of things:

affluent nations/neighbourhoods

166
Q

dependability n

A

the quality of being trustworthy and reliable.

the brand has built its reputation on rock-solid dependability

167
Q

versatility n

A

the quality of being versatile (= able to change easily or to be used for different purposes):
I have chosen these recipes to show the versatility of vegetables.
He wanted to challenge the actors and demonstrate their versatility.

168
Q

gravitate v

A

move toward or be attracted to a place, person, or thing.
they gravitated to the Catholic faith in their hour of need
People tend to gravitate to the beaches here.

169
Q

incremental adj

A

happening gradually, in a series of small amounts:
We plan to make incremental improvements to our existing products.
The system requires fundamental reform rather than incremental change.

170
Q

articulate v

A

specify define clearly

171
Q

attainable adj

A

achievable obtainable accessible within reach at hand reachable
yields in excess of 6% are easily attainable:

172
Q

actionable

A

able to act on

173
Q

delegate

A

assign

174
Q

stellar adj

A

of a star or stars:
a stellar explosion
stellar light

175
Q

Indiscriminate adj

A

promiscuous, random, unselective
Not showing careful choice or planning, especially so that harm results:

an indiscriminate terrorist attack on civilians
The indiscriminate use of fertilizers can cause long-term problems.
Cancer is completely indiscriminate in whom it strikes.

176
Q

indiscriminately adv

A

Randomly, promiscuously

Words like “organic” and “natural” are used so indiscriminately that they are often meaningless.

177
Q

pioneer v n

A

to be one of the first people to do something:
It was universities that pioneered these new industries.
He was a pioneer in big-band jazz.

178
Q

Asylum n

A

protection or safety, especially that given by a government to people who have been forced to leave their own countries for their safety or because of war:

to seek/apply for political asylum

a mental hospital, or any other institution giving shelter and other help to poor or suffering people:

He was committed to an insane asylum in 1899.

179
Q

iterate v

A

repeat
perform or utter repeatedly.
the bird’s call is a monotonously iterated single note

180
Q

converging adj converge v

A

join meet intersect cross come together connect
If lines, roads, or paths converge, they move towards the same point where they join or meet:

The paths all converge at the main gate of the park.
Due to roadworks, three lanes of traffic have to converge into two.

to move toward the same point and come closer together or meet:
Six fire trucks converged on the burning factory.
Ambulances, police cars, and fire engines all converged on the scene.
100,000 people are expected to converge on the town for the festival.

181
Q

flair n

A

aptitude, talent, gift, knack , instinct, natural ability, capability, capacity
natural ability to do something well:
He has a flair for languages.

182
Q

extraneous adj

A

irrelevant, not related, immaterial, beside the point, not to the point

  • extraneous information
  • These questions are extraneous to the issue being discussed.
183
Q

monotonous adj

A

dull, tedious, and repetitious; lacking in variety and interest.
the statistics that he quotes with monotonous regularity

184
Q

explicit adj

A

clear direct plain obvious straightforward clear-cut crystal clear clearly expressed

stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.

  • I gave her very explicit directions how to get here.
  • She was very explicit about what she thought was wrong with the plans.
  • you certainly didn’t make it explicit
185
Q

conceptualize v

A

conceive
to form an idea or principle in your mind:
- we can more easily conceptualize speed in miles per hour
- He argued that morality could be conceptualized (= thought about) as a series of principles based on human reason.

186
Q

infer v

A

deduce, conclude, come to the conclusion, draw the inference

deduce or conclude (information) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements.

  • from these facts we can infer that crime has been increasing
  • What do you infer from her refusal?
  • I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave.
187
Q

decipher v

A

decode, firgure out
convert (a text written in code, or a coded signal) or badly written into normal language.

  • Can you decipher the writing on this envelope?
188
Q

retrieve v

A

get back, recover, regain (possession of), win back ,reclaim, repossess , redeem

get or bring (something) back; regain possession of.

  • We taught our dog to retrieve a ball.
  • Computers are used to store and retrieve information efficiently.
  • Did they manage to retrieve anything from the fire?
  • Goodwill that is lost is extremely difficult to retrieve.
189
Q

concatenate v

A

link (things) together in a chain or series.

  • some words may be concatenated, such that certain sounds are omitted
  • The filename is a series of concatenated words with no spaces.
190
Q

negligible adj

A

trivial, trifling, insignificant, unimportant, minor, of no account of, no consequence

-The difference between the two products is negligible.
My knowledge of German is negligible.
- negligible effect/impact The rise in the minimum wage will have a negligible effect on jobs.
negligible - growth/improvement The economy had begun to crawl out of four years of negligible growth.

191
Q

convention n

A

a usual or accepted way of behaving, especially in social situations, often following an old way of thinking or a custom in one particular society:

  • They defied/flouted/broke with convention by giving up their jobs and becoming self-sufficient.
  • Convention dictates that it is the man who asks the woman to marry him and not the other way round.
  • In many countries it is the/a convention to wear black at funerals.
192
Q

legibility n

A

readability, clarity, readableness, ease of reading

the quality of being clear enough to read.
- we’ve increased the type size for greater legibility

193
Q

truncated adj truncate v

A

shorten sth or make it quicker, especially by removing the end of something:

  • The book is also published in a miniature and truncated version.
  • Calculate the area of the surface of the truncated cone.
194
Q

Arguably adv

A

possibly, feasibly, probably, maybe, perhaps, potentially

it may be argued (used to qualify the statement of an opinion or belief).
- she is arguably the greatest woman tennis player of all time

195
Q

aggregate v,adj,n

A

total, combined ,whole, gross, accumulated,

to combine into a single group or total

196
Q

inference n

A

ratiocination, guesstimate , deduction, conclusion , reasoning, conjecture , speculation

a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning.

197
Q

recreational adj

A

relating to or denoting activity done for enjoyment when one is not working.
recreational activities/facilities/interests/use/resources
Recreational fishing is allowed on the river.

198
Q

velocity n

A

he speed at which an object is travelling:
Light travels at the highest achievable velocity in the universe.
He always used high velocity lead bullets in his rifle.
If national companies cannot produce at the same velocity that people demand goods, they need to import them from outside.
Online payments have improved the velocity of trade.

199
Q

burgeoning adj burgeon v

A

flourish, grow rapidly ,increase rapidly/exponentially, expand ,spring up
burgeoning demand/industry/

200
Q

ripple n v

A

a small wave on the surface of water:
The stone she threw caused ripples to spread across the lake.
picture of ripple

201
Q

refrain v

A

forsake, abstain, desist, hold back, stop oneself, withhold

stop oneself from doing something.

202
Q

pleading n

A

مرافعة

  • arguments used by lawyers when they are defending or accusing someone in a court of law:
  • the action of making an emotional or earnest appeal to someone.
203
Q

acumen n

A

skill in making correct decisions and judgments in a particular subject, such as business or politics:

She has considerable business/financial/legal acumen.

204
Q

reimbursement n reimburse v

A

the action of repaying a person who has spent or lost money.
She has received reimbursement for some of her costs.
Employees can apply for reimbursement of travel expenses.

205
Q

Prerequisite adj

A

requirement
required as a prior condition.
Passing a written test is a prerequisite for taking the advanced course.
Public support is a prerequisite for/to the success of this project.
They had to agree to certain conditions as a prerequisite of being lent the money.

206
Q

fluid adj

A

smooth and continuous/ having a flowing or changing quality:
fluid movements
His piano playing was beautifully fluid, adding grace to every song he played.
The situation remains fluid – we offered her the job, but she hasn’t responded yet.

207
Q

autonomous adj/ autonomously adv / autonomy n

A

indedependent, self-governing
of a country or region or organization having the freedom to govern itself or control its own affairs.

Managers are able to recruit casual staff autonomously, without central control.

208
Q

camouflage v n

A

disguise, hide ,conceal
hide or disguise the presence of (a person, animal, or object) by means of camouflage.Using smoke as (a)

camouflage, the army advanced up the hill.
He believed that her kindness was merely a camouflage for her real intentions.

209
Q

susceptible v

A

liable to, prone to, subject to, inclined toeasily influenced or harmed by something:
She isn’t very susceptible to flattery.
These plants are particularly susceptible to frost.
Among particularly susceptible children, the disease can develop very fast.

used to describe someone who is easily emotionally influenced:
They persuade susceptible teenagers to part with their money.

(especially of an idea or statement) able to be understood, proved, explained, etc. in a particular way:
Shakespeare’s plays are susceptible to various interpretations.
UK The facts are susceptible of other explanations.
the problem is not susceptible of a simple solution

210
Q

rejuvenate v

A
  • having been given new energy or vigor; revitalized, energetic
  • to make something more effective, modern, and successful by using new ideas and methods:
    He saw this as a chance to rejuvenate his career.
    They decided to rejuvenate their flagship brand.
    They’re looking for ways to rejuvenate the economy.
211
Q

telepathy n

A

تخاطر mind reading, thought transference

212
Q

unrequited adj

A

(of a feeling, especially love) not returned or rewarded.

213
Q

legitimately adv

A
  • in a way that conforms to the law or to rules.
  • fairly, logical, reasonable, acceptable
  • truly; genuinely.
214
Q

inadvertently adv

A

accidentally, by accident, unintentionally

215
Q

accord

A

agreement

216
Q

prolong v / prolonged adj

A

lengthen , extend the duration of.
prolong their lives / pleasure/ their stay
prolonged drought

217
Q

shuttle v/n

A
  • to travel or take people regularly between the same two places:
  • a form of transportation that travels regularly between two places.
218
Q

capacity n

  • ability
  • role, position
  • maximum volume, No., size can something hold
A
  • ability, capability,power to do a particular thing:
    has capacity for/ beyond his capacity to/ within his capacity/ mental or physical capacity
  • voluntary capacity / her capacity as a judge.
  • capacity audience/crowd, below capacity, beyond capacity
219
Q

synthesis n

synthesize v

A
  • the combination of ideas to form a theory or system.
    the synthesis of intellect and emotion in his work
    He describes his latest record as “a synthesis of African and Latin rhythms”.
  • the production of a substance from simpler materials after a chemical reaction
    The chemical compound was first synthesized in England in 1874.
220
Q
  • bound to something
  • bound to do something
  • bound for something
A
  • Certain, must happen
    You’re bound to forget people’s names occasionally.
  • having a moral or legal duty to do something:
    She is not legally bound to pay the debts
  • traveling in the direction of:
    These two young musicians are bound for success.
    She was on a plane bound for Fairbanks.
221
Q

‏riveting adj
rivet v
to be rivited v

A

adj/ v: Compelling, engrossing, very interesting, gripping, fascinating, absorbing

  • It was an amazing film - I was absolutely riveted.
  • His eyes were riveted on the television.
  • He pulled out a gun and I was riveted to the spot (= so frightened that I could not move).

v: hold (someone or something) fast so as to make them incapable of movement.

222
Q

‎‏peril n

perilous adj

A

Dangerous risky hazardous

223
Q

pristine adj

A

Virgin freh and unspoiled, new or almost new, and in very good condition:
Washing machine for sale - only two months old and in pristine condition.

224
Q

desecrate v

A

profane or defile something holy or respected:

225
Q

commensurate v

A

corresponding in size, amount, extent, or degree
//was given a job commensurate with her abilities and experience
Synonyms
commensurable, proportional, proportionate

226
Q

‏indelible adj

A
  • Unforgettable, memorable
  • ineradicable ( can’t be removed)
    of a substance eg ink or blood making marks that cannot be removed.
227
Q

innocuous adj

A

harmless , anodyne, benign,hurtless, innocent

  • an innocuous statement
  • innocuous activities
  • Some mushrooms look innocuous but are in fact poisonous.
228
Q

‏abstain v

A

abstain from drinking

Refrain, decline, refuse, reject, turn down

229
Q

Shroud v n

A

Cover, dim, hide, keep secret

to keep secret or shut off from view
//shrouded the fact that the child had been adopted
to make dark, dim, or indistinct
//the smog shrouded our aerial view of the city
to surround or cover closely
//during rainy season the summit of the mountain is shrouded in mist
230
Q

grievance n

A

Complaint, resentment or gurge

 a lingering ill will towards a person for a real or imagined wrong
//this is no place to air your grievances against him
an expression of dissatisfaction, pain, or resentment
//she decided to file a formal grievance against the utility company
231
Q

Curtail v

A 
Shorten, abbreviate, elide, shorten, truncate
to make less in extent or duration
//curtailed the school day because of the stormy weather
232
Q

‏impenetrable adj

A

impassable (also impassible), incomprehensible, ungraspable

impossible to get through or into
//the ancient temple was surrounded by vast stretches of impenetrable jungle
3 impossible to understand
//the textbook's language is completely impenetrable, at least to me

vocab (5 decks)

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