Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Exposures Final Review > Exposures Final Chapters 20-33 > Flashcards

Exposures Final Chapters 20-33 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the componet of A DIGITAL IMAGE known as the VOLUME OF TISSUE?

A

Voxel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

As the matrix size increases what happens to spatial resolution?

A

Increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

GRAYSCALE PROCESSING INCLUDES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?​

A

Creation of the histogram
Application of the LUT
Windowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF THE PIXELS OF THE IMAGE AND THE GRAYSCALE (VOI) THAT THEY REPRESENT IS KNOWN AS A/AN:​

A

Histogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

THE PROCESS THAT THE COMPUTER UNDERTAKES TO ALTER THE OUTPUT IMAGE FROM AN INPUT IMAGE THAT WAS PRODUCED BY EITHER OVEREXPOSURE OR UNDEREXPOSURE IS?

A

Rescaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

IDENTIFY ALL THE TYPES OF NOISE THAT CAN DEGRADE IMAGE QUALITY.

A

Quantum mottle
system noise
Ambient noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

WHEN USING THE PROCESS OF WINDOWING, CHANGING THE WINDOW WIDTH WILL CHANGE THE _________________ OF THE IMAGE.​

A

range of shades of gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

WHICH LAYER OF THE PSP IS CONSIDERED THE ACTIVE LAYER?​

A

Phosphor Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

THE MEASURE OF SENSITIVITY AND ACCURACY BY WHICH THE IMAGE RECEPTOR CONVERTS THE INCOMING DATA TO THE OUTPUT VIEWING DEVICE IS KNOWN AS?

A

DQE (Detective Quantum Efficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name of the SUBSTANCE THAT COMMONLY MAKE UP THE ACTIVE LAYER OF MOST PSPS?​

A

barium fluorohalide bromides​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are latent images stored?

A

in the phosphor crystals of the PSP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HISTOGRAM ANALYSIS ERRORS CAN BE CAUSED BY WHAT?

A
  • selecting the wrong anatomical area
    -abrupt tissue density changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WHAT EFFECT DOES A SMALL PIXEL PITCH HAVE ON IMAGE QUALITY? ​

A

increases image quality​.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

THE PURPOSE OF THE LASER IN THE CR SCANNER-READER MACHINE IS TO?

A

liberate the energy stored in the phosphor layer of the PSP​.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

THE MOST COMMON SCINTILLATOR MATERIAL IN FLAT PANEL RECEPTORS IS?

A

​
amorphous silicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WHICH TECHNICAL COMPONENTS ARE AUTOMATED BY THE MACHINE WITH THE USE OF AEC?

A

kVp
mAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What CAN CAUSE LOW-CONTRAST RESOLUTION ARTIFACTS IN DIGITAL IMAGING?

A

Clothing and linen
Positioning sponges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

THE PROCESS OF IMAGE ANALYSIS INCLUDES WHAT?

A

-Image receptor exposure​
-Contrast​
-Spatial resolution​
-Distortion​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

IN DIGITAL IMAGING, WHAT KVP AND PART THICKNESS INDICATE THAT GRID USE IS NECESSARY?​

A

80 kVp and 10 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SOURCE TO IMAGE RECEPTOR DISTANCE (SID) INFLUENCES?

A

Distortion
Sharpness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When the amount of scatter increases in an image what decreases?

A

Contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

THE INVERSE SQUARE LAW DESCRIBES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN _________ AND __________.​

A

distance and beam intensity​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What controls shape distortion?

A

​
Beam-part-IR alignment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

WHAT ARE THE TWO FUNDAMENTAL REASONS WHY ALL RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGES DEMONSTRATE SOME DISTORTION?

A

long SIDs & long OIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
HOW WILL A DIGITAL OR CR IMAGE THAT IS MARKEDLY UNDEREXPOSED APPEAR ON THE COMPUTER SCREEN?​
It will have quantum mottle​
25
INCREASING THE KVP WILL ALSO?
Increase the average energy of the x-ray photons​ Increases the quality of the x-ray photons​ Increases the penetrating power of the x-ray photons​
26
THE DIFFERENCE IN DENSITY BETWEEN ADJACENT AREAS IS A DEFINITION FOR WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING?​
Contrast
27
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTENSITY OF THE BEAM AND SID IS​?
inversely proportional to the square of the distance​
28
WHEN AN IMAGE IS OVER OR UNDEREXPOSED, WHAT IS THE RULE OF THUMB FOR CHANGING MAS TO CORRECT THE PROBLEM?​
double or halve the mAs​
29
WITH DIGITAL IMAGING, HOW DOES THE TECHNOLOGIST DETERMINE THAT AN ADEQUATE NUMBER OF PHOTONS EXPOSED THE IR?​
review the exposure index number​
30
WHAT ARE THE PHOTOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES THAT DETERMINE THE VISIBILITY OF DETAIL IN A RADIOGRAPH?​
IR exposure, contrast and recorded detail​
31
What factor does not have an effect on contrast of an image?
The patient
32
SUBJECT CONTRAST RELATES TO WHAT?
The patient
33
HOW WILL THE USE OF RADIOGRAPHIC GRIDS AFFECT THE CONTRAST OF A RADIOGRAPH?​
produce higher contrast​
34
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF ELECTROSTATIC FOCUSING LENSES WITHIN AN IMAGE INTENSIFIER?​
propel the light photons towards the cathode​
35
WHAT IS THE FINAL IMAGE INTENSIFIER ENERGY CONVERSION THAT OCCURS BEFORE THE VISUALIZATION OF THE IMAGE ON A MONITOR?​
 X-ray photon to light
36
What are the FUNCTIONS OF AUTOMATIC BRIGHTNESS CONTROL (ABS)
adjusting exposure factors​ controlling X-ray beam quantity​ controlling the size of the field of view​
37
WHEN PERFORMING A FLUOROSCOPIC PROCEDURE ON AN ADULT PATIENT, THE OPERATOR NOTES DECREASED IMAGE CONTRAST DUE TO HIGH SCATTER PRODUCTION. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STEPS WOULD IMPROVE THE IMAGE CONTRAST?​
Add a grid
38
IN FLUOROSCOPY, WHAT IS THE PRIMARY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE IMAGE RECORDING PROCESS OF AN IMAGE INTENSIFIER AND THE RECORDING PROCESS OF A FLAT PANEL DETECTOR?​
flat panel detectors utilize a Thin-Film-Transistor​
39
THE BUCKY SLOT COVER MUST HAVE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PB EQUIVALENCE?​
0.25 mm​
40
HOW CAN OPERATORS IMPROVE IMAGE QUALITY WHEN PERFORMING A FLUOROSCOPY PROCEDURE USING AUTOMATIC BRIGHTNESS CONTROL?
-center the anatomical part of interest to the center of the image receptor​ -collimate to the size of the anatomical area​
41
HALF VALUE LAYER IS ASSOCIATED WITH?
filtration
42
MR/MAS AND MILLIAMPERES LINEARITY SHOULD BE MAINTAINED WITHIN ___________%.
10
43
WHAT IS THE EXPOSURE RATE LIMIT FOR FLUOROSCOPIC UNITS?​
5 R/min​
43
THE SOURCE-TO-SKIN DISTANCE FOR A MOBILE FLUOROSCOPIC UNIT SHOULD NOT BE LESS THAN?
12 inches
44
EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS OF THE AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE CONTROLS SHOULD INCLUDE WHAT?
Ion Chamber sensitivity​ Response capability​ Backup timer verification
45
IF THE RADIOGRAPH WAS DONE USING A MOBILE UNIT, ONLY A __________________________ BEAM (CR) WILL DEMONSTRATE A TRUE AIR-FLUID LEVEL.​
Horizontal beam
46
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT DIGITAL FLUOROSCOPIC UNITS IS/ARE TRUE?
they use high power generators​ can use TFTs​ they use pulsed x-ray beam​
47
Who invented the first mobile unit in fluoroscopy?
Marie Curie
48
Who invented the first fluoroscopy image?
Edison
49
What does DICOM stand for? and What does it do?
Digital imaging and communications in Medicine -has to be able to communicate with other hospital systems.
50
What does PACS stand for?
Picture archiving and communication system
51
What does HIS stand for?
Hospital information system
52
What does RIS Stand for?
Radiology information system
53
What does EHR stand for?
Electronic health record
54
What does HL-7 stand for? What does it allow?
Health level 7 international -standards for interoperability makes communication within other institutions available but on a nationwide level.
55
When was CT discovered?
1970
56
What is a matrix in Digital imaging?
array of rows and columns
57
What is a pixel?
individual matrix boxes. Each box displays a numerical value that can be transformed into visual brightness or gray levels.
58
What is sampling?
Analog voltage values that are measured at a chosen frequency.
58
what is a byte?
8- bit, computer memory that is often measured in bytes.
59
What is system noise?
Random noise from the digital system itself.
60
What is Signal to noise ratio?
measures noise. High SNR little noise on the image
61
What is ambient noise?
Background radiation that contributes to image noise
62
What are the layers of the photo stimulant plate?
Protective layer phosphor layer support layer conductor layer light shielding layer Backing layer
63
What does each layer of the photo stimulant plate do?
Protective layer- Insulates Phosphor layer- Active layer Support layer- base layer Conductor layer- serves as ground light shielding layer- prevent system noise Backing layer- protects the back of the cassette
64
What DI range counts as underexposed?
less than - 1.0
65
What is the target range for DI numbers?
- 0.5 to + 0.5
66
What DI number counts as overexposed?
+ 1 to + 3
67
What are the tenets of medical radiographic images?
- legal documents - images of a patient - a single moment in patients timeline - accuracy of a medical image interpretation is function of the quality of the image created. - Radiologist expect that department routines are followed -Radiologist assume images are produced by ALARA
68
What does LAN stand for? What is it?
Local area network - two or more computers in a small area
69
What is WAN?
2 or more computers serving a large geographical area.
70
How many years do many institutions store images for?
5-7
71
Which two types of images are kept indefinitely?
Pedi and mammography
72
What are some options for image storage?
disc, off- site, cloud
73
What are the 5 phases of image processing?
Image acquisition Image processing Image archiving Image display Image analysis
74
What is the anode heel effect?
alters the intensity of the x ray beam and affects the IR exposure
75
What does SID affect?
IR exposure Contrast
76
What terms are related to spatial resolution?
Definition sharpness record detail
77
What is penumbra?
unsharpness around the edge
78
What is umbra?
Shape of object matches the divergence of the beam
79
What is voluntary motion?
motion that is under patients control
79
SOD + OID =
SID
80
What is involuntary motion?
motion that is not under patients control
81
What causes a misrepresentation of size distortion?
Magnification
82
What causes a misrepresentation of shape distortion?
elongation and foreshortening
83
What is Elongation?
makes the structure appear longer than it really is
84
What is foreshortening?
makes the structure appear shorter than what it really is
85
What is the difference between quality assurance and quality control?
Quality Assurance- provides confidence that the radiology service will provide consistent high-quality images and service. Quality Control- Assurance that monitors equipment to maintain quality standards​.
86
What are the two routine checks of all equipment?
System processing External beam evaluation
87
What are the test for spatial resolution?
Line pair resolution tool​ Star test pattern Pinhole camera ​ Slit camera
88
what is the acceptable limit for Angulator or protractor accuracy?
+ or - 1
89
What is the measurement tool for kilovoltage accuracy? and its acceptable limit?
Dosimeters + or - 5
90
What is the acceptable limit for Exposure Reproducibility?
+ or - 5
91
What is ABC?
to ensure that the brightness of the image at the monitor is constant.
92
What are some patient considerations for mobile fluoroscopy?
Communication​ Manipulation of Equipment​ Positioning and Pathology​
93
True / False Radiation protection rest within the radiologist?
True
94
List the radiation protection rules for mobile radiography?
-Provide shielding for patient, public, team members and yourself. -Request non-essential individuals leave the immediate area -Announce that you are going to make an exposure -Carry at least two lead aprons - Never place your body in the primary beam -Provide gonadal shielding for the patient if within reason​ - use the full length of the 6-foot exposure cord​
95
What technical factor is the primary cause of repeat exposures?
Distance
96
What year was fluoroscopy invented?
1896
97
Fluoroscopy is considered to be?
a dynamic type of procedure
98
What are the parts of the image intensifier?
Input phosphor Photocathode Electrostatic lenses Anode Cathode
99
name the conversions at each level of the image intensifier?
-Input screen- changes x ray photons to light -Photocathode- Converts light photons into electrons -Electrostatic lenses- pushes the electrons towards the -anode and cathode (output screen) -output screen- converts electrons back to light
100
What causes patient dose to increase?
Magnification
101
How does quantum mottle affect image quality?
image has a Grainy appearance

Exposures Final Review (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions