export_upper respiratory tract pathogens ii

Question 1

Differentiate between bacterial and viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 1

Bacteria USUALLY have more pus and inflammation

Question 2

Causative agents of conjunctivitis

Answer 2

MAIN TWO: Haemophilus influenzae and Strep. pneumoniae

OTHERS: Moraxella lacunata, enterobacteria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 3

Haemophilus influenzae features

Answer 3

Gram negative rod

Small, hard to see

Question 4

What else can Haemophilus influenzae cause?

Answer 4

Epiglottidis

Question 5

Prevention of conjunctivitis

Answer 5

Remove from school/daycare

Hand washing and disinfect common towels

Question 6

Treatment of conjunctivitis

Answer 6

Gentamycin or ciprofloxacin

Question 7

Causative agents for otitis media

Answer 7

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 8

Causative agents for sinusitis

Answer 8

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 9

Strep. pneumoniae hemolysis?

Answer 9

Alpha

Question 10

Organisms in the Chlamydiaceae family

Answer 10

Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydophila psittaci

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Question 11

Chlamydophila organisms

Answer 11

Very small

Obligate intracellular parasites

Question 12

Elementary bodies

Answer 12

Metabolically inactive, infectious

Question 13

Reticulate bodies

Answer 13

Metabolically active, noninfectious

Question 14

URT diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 14

Trachoma
Adult inclusion conjunctivitis

Infant pneumonia

Question 15

Pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 15

Direct destruction of host cells

Elicits host inflammatory response

Question 16

Progression of Chlamydia trachomatis in the eyes

Answer 16

Follicular conjunctivitis
Conjunctival scarring, eyelids turn inward

Inward eyelids abrade the cornea

Question 17

Chlamydophila pneumoniae organism

Answer 17

“TWAR” pathogen

Important cause of pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis

Question 18

What do the most severe cases of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infect?

Answer 18

Only one lung lobe

Question 19

What other organisms are difficult to distinguish from Chlamydophila pneumoniae?

Answer 19

Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella pneumophila

Respiratory viruses

Question 20

What test(s) are needed to diagnose Chlamydia/Chlamydophila organisms?

Answer 20

PCR

Compliment fixation

Question 21

What is used to treat Chlamydia/Chlamydophila infections?

Answer 21

Macrolides
Tetracycline

Levofloxacin

Question 22

Chlamydophila psittaci pathway of infection

Answer 22

Infection in respiratory tract, bacteria spreads to reticuloendothelial cells (liver and spleen)