Exploring The Brain

Question 1

Brain

Answer 1

Body organ/tissue/matter that exerts control over behaviour

Refers to the entire nervous system including spinal cord and peripheral nerves

Question 2

Behaviour

Answer 2

An observable action but lacking in physical substance

Question 3

The nervous system

Answer 3

An elaborate series of nerve cells that carry information to and from the brain and periphery via the spinal cord

Question 4

Spinal cord

Answer 4

Part of the CNS encased within the vertebrae

Question 5

CNS

Answer 5

Nerve cells that make up the brain and spinal cord, core structure in mediating behaviour

Question 6

PNS

Answer 6

Provides sensory and motor connections to the CNS, all other nerve cells

Question 7

ANS

Answer 7

Responsible for regulation of many internal organs and vital functions

Question 8

Neuton

Answer 8

Specialised nerve cell engaged in information processing

Question 9

Cerebrum (forebrain)

Answer 9

Two hemispheres, responsible for most conscious behaviours, enfolds the brain stem, specialised for learning and coordinating movements

Question 10

Brain stem

Answer 10

Responsible for unconscious behaviours

Question 11

Cerebral cortex

Answer 11

Outer surface of the brain

Question 12

Embodied behaviour

Answer 12

Theory that the movements we make and the movements we perceive in others are central to communication with others

Question 13

Locked in syndrome

Answer 13

Condition in which a person is aware and awake but can’t move or communicate verbally because of complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles except the eyes

Question 14

The brain theory

Answer 14

Behaviour is controlled by brain

Question 15

Hominid

Answer 15

Human like animals

Question 16

Homo habills

Answer 16

Handy human

Question 17

Encephallization

Answer 17

A process of increasing size and complexity of the cerebral cortex

Question 18

Neoteny

Answer 18

The theory that humans represent a primate that expresses juvenile features of earlier ancestors, including a larger cranium relative to body size and prolific nerve cell growth over a long period of time

Question 19

Aristotle (soul)

Answer 19

Human behaviour is a product of the psyche

Question 20

Psyche

Answer 20

Mind, source of human behaviour, operates independent of material body organs, it’s responsible for life and its departure from the body results in death

Question 21

Mentalism

Answer 21

Explanation of behaviour as a function of the non material mind

Question 22

Descartes

Answer 22

The mind instructed the pineal body which lies beside fluid filled brain vacated called ventricles, to direct fluid from then through nerves and into muscles. When the fluid expanded the muscles the body would move

Question 23

Dualism

Answer 23

Place mind within the pineal gland and put Forth the hypothesis that pineal control over ventricular fluid was the basis of behaviour

Question 24

Mind body problem

Answer 24

Difficulty in explaining how a nonmaterial mind and a material body interact

Question 25

Materialism

Answer 25

Behaviour can be explained as a function of the nervous system without recourse to the mind

Question 26

Natural selection

Answer 26

Differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics results from the interaction of organisms with their environment

Question 27

Species

Answer 27

Group of organisms that can interbreed

Question 28

Epigenetic’s

Answer 28

Differences in gene expression related to environment and experience

Question 29

Cell assembly

Answer 29

Learning is enabled by neutrons forming new connections in the brain, resulting in neuronal network

Question 30

Minimally conscious state

Answer 30

Condition in which a person can display some rudimentary behaviours but otherwise not conscious

Question 31

Persistent vegetative state

Answer 31

Condition in which a person is alive but unaware unable to communicate or to function independently at the most basic level

Question 32

Deep brain stimulation

Answer 32

Neurosurgery in which electrodes implanted in the brain stimulate a targeted area with a low voltage electrical current to facilitate behaviour

Question 33

Hebb

Answer 33

Brain needs ongoing sensory and motor experiences to maintain intellectual activity

Question 34

Living organisms classified into 5 main kingdoms

Answer 34

Monera, Protista, plantae, fungi, animalia

Question 35

Cladogram

Answer 35

Phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly, suggesting a taxonomy of organisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise

Question 36

Encephalization quotient

Answer 36

Jensons quantitive measure of brain size obtained from the ratio of actual brain size to expected brain size according to the principle of proper mass, for an animal of a particular body size

Question 37

Plasticity

Answer 37

The nervous system potential for physical/chemical change; enhances its adaptability to environmental change and its ability to compensate for injury

Question 38

Meme

Answer 38

An idea, behaviour or style that spreads from person to person within a culture

Question 39

PET imaging (position emission tomography)

Answer 39

Inject radioactive tracer and detect radiation, binding of tracer molecules quantify number of endogenous proteins or activity, glucose or beta amyloid

Question 40

MRI (position emission imaging)

Answer 40

Measuring oxygenated blood Brain tissue- ex vivo Live animals- in vivo