Explorers Flashcards
He was an Italian merchant, explorer, and writer, born in the Republic of Venice. His travels are recorded in Livre des merveilles du monde (Book of the Marvels of the World, also known as The Travels of _____, c. 1300), a book that described to Europeans the wealth and great size of China, its capital Peking, and other Asian cities and countries.
Marco Polo
Though he was not the first European to reach China (see Europeans in Medieval China), ____ was the first to leave a detailed chronicle of his experience. This book inspired Christopher Columbus[7] and many other travellers. There is a substantial literature based on ____’s writings; he also influenced European cartography, leading to the introduction of the Fra Mauro map.
Marco Polo
He learned the mercantile trade from his father and his uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, who travelled through Asia and met Kublai Khan.
Marco Polo
He embarked on an epic journey to Asia, returning after 24 years to find Venice at war with Genoa; Marco was imprisoned and dictated his stories to a cellmate. He was released in 1299, became a wealthy merchant, married, and had three children. He died in 1324 and was buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Venice.
Marco Polo
Known for: The Travels of Marco Polo
Marco Polo
Nationality of Marco Polo
Italian
Spent time as governor of Yangzhou.
Marco Polo
Where did Christopher Columbus land first?
The Bahamas
What settlement did Christopher Columbus found on Hispaniola?
Navidad
What did Christopher Columbus discover on his second journey?
Jamaica
What did Christopher Columbus discover on his third journey?
South America
When was Marco Polo alive?
(c. 1254 – c. 1324)
When was Christopher Columbus alive?
(1451–1506)
What was John Cabot’s nationality?
Italian (Genoa)
Nationality of Christopher Columbus
Italian (Genoa)
Who did John Cabot explore for?
Henry VII of England
When was John Cabot alive?
(1450–1499)
When was Jacques Cartier alive?
(1491–1557)
When was Samuel de Champlain alive?
(c. 1567–1635)
What was Jacques Cartier’s nationality?
French (Breton)
What was Samuel de Champlain’s nationality?
French
What was Ferdinand Magellan’s nationality?
Portuguese
What was Hernan Cortés’s nationality?
Spanish
What was Francisco Pizarro’s nationality?
Spanish
What was Francis Drake’s nationality?
English
What was Henry Hudson’s nationality?
English
Who did Henry Hudson do his notable exploring for?
The Dutch
What country did Christopher Columbus sail for?
Spain
What was James Cook’s nationality?
British
Who did James Cook sail for?
British
When was Ferdinand Magellan alive?
(c. 1480–1521)
When was Hernan Cortes alive?
(c. 1485–1547)
When was Francisco Pizarro alive?
(c. 1475–1541)
When was Francis Drake alive?
(c. 1543–1596)
When was Henry Hudson alive?
(ca. 1565–1611)
When was James Cook alive?
(1728–1779)
What rulers did Christopher Columbus sail for?
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
Who sailed on the Matthew?
John Cabot
What monarch did Jacques Cartier sail for?
Francis I
His 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England is the earliest known European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century.
John Cabot
Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France.
Jacques Cartier
first European to describe and map[1] the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named “The Country of Canadas”
Jacques Cartier
He named Montreal
Jacques Cartier
Founded Quebec City
Samuel de Champlain
First European to see Lake Huron
Samuel de Champlain
First European to travel inland in North America. Claimed what is now known as Canada for France.
Jacques Cartier
First European since the Norse colonization of North America to explore coastal parts of North America
John Cabot
“The Father Of New France”
Samuel de Champlain
Led the first circumnavigation of the Earth (though he died before it was finished)
Ferdinand Magellan
His ships were the San Antonio, Trinidad, Concepción, Santiago, and Victoria.
Ferdinand Magellan
Explorer killed in battle on the island Mactan.
Ferdinand Magellan
Only ship of Ferdinand Magellan’s that returned to Spain.
The Victoria
Who took over and finished Magellan’s circumnavigation?
Juan Sebastián Elcano
Known for: Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
Hernan Cortes
Who wrote detailed memoirs about Cortes’s conquest of Mexico?
Bernal Díaz del Castillo
Who was the governor of Cuba who didn’t get along with Cortes?
Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
He was a Spanish conquistador who led the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire.
Francisco Pizarro
This is the Incan leader Pizarro murdered
Atahualpa
Montezuma II was killed on what night?
The Night of Sorrows
Aztec capital
Tenochtitlan
He travelled with his partner Diego de Almagro, the priest Hernando de Luque, and a small force
Francisco Pizarro
Who commissioned Pizarro to go to Peru
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V
Incan capital
Cuzco
Francis Drake’s ship
The Golden Hind
Explorer nicknamed The Dragon
Francis Drake
carried out the second circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition, from 1577 to 1580, and was the first to complete the voyage as captain while leading the expedition throughout the entire circumnavigation.
Francis Drake
With his incursion into the Pacific Ocean, he claimed what is now California for the English and inaugurated an era of conflict with the Spanish on the western coast of the Americas, an area that had previously been largely unexplored by western shipping.
Francis Drake
Who commissioned Francis Drake’s voyage?
Elizabeth I
What did Francis Drake die from?
Dysentery
As a Vice Admiral, he was second-in-command of the English fleet in the battle against the Spanish Armada in 1588.
Francis Drake
exploits made him a hero to the English, but his privateering led the Spanish to brand him a pirate, known to them as El Draque.[7] King Philip II allegedly offered a reward for his capture or death of 20,000 ducats,[8] about £6 million (US$8 million) in modern currency.
Francis Drake
In 1609 he landed in North America and explored the region around the modern New York metropolitan area, looking for a Northwest Passage to Asia on behalf of the Dutch East India Company.
Henry Hudson
In 1611, after wintering on the shore of James Bay, ______ wanted to press on to the west, but most of his crew mutinied. The mutineers cast _____, his son, and seven others adrift;[7] the _____s and their companions were never seen again.
Henry Hudson
Cause of death: Killed by Hawaiians after turning back to Hawaii
James Cook
James Cook
He made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he achieved the first recorded European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, and the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand.
Whose ship was the Endeavour?
James Cook
He was attacked and killed in 1779 during his third exploratory voyage in the Pacific while attempting to kidnap Hawaiian chief Kalaniʻōpuʻu in order to reclaim a cutter stolen from one of his ships.
James Cook
Also known as the Corps of Discovery
Lewis and Clark
Woman who helped the Lewis and Clark Expedition in achieving their chartered mission objectives by exploring the Louisiana Territory.
Sacagawea
What tribe was Sacagawea?
Lemhi Shoshone
At age 25 in 1927, he went from obscurity as a U.S. Air Mail pilot to instantaneous world fame by winning the Orteig Prize: making a nonstop flight from Roosevelt Field, Long Island, New York, to Paris, France.
Charles Lindbergh
Known for: First solo transatlantic flight (1927)
Charles Lindbergh
First to reach the North Pole
Roald Amundsen
First to navigate the Northwest Passage
Roald Amundsen
He disappeared while taking part in a rescue mission for the airship Italia in 1928.
Roald Amundsen
___ was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea.
Vasco Da Gama
The Portuguese national epic poem, Os Lusíadas, was written in his honour by Camões
Vasco Da Gama
When was Vasco Da Gama alive?
(c. 1460s – 24 December 1524)
_____ was an American explorer, politician, and soldier who, in 1856, became the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States.
John C. Fremont
During the 1840s, when he led five expeditions into the American West, that era’s penny press and admiring historians accorded him the sobriquet The Pathfinder.
John C. Fremont
Between 1799 and 1804, he travelled extensively in the Americas, exploring and describing them for the first time from a modern scientific point of view. His description of the journey was written up and published in an enormous set of volumes over 21 years in “Kosmos.”
Alexander von Humboldt
___ has been credited as one of the most influential figures in the Argentine incorporation of large parts of Patagonia and its subsequent development.
Francisco Moreno
He is famous for the 1869 _____ Geographic Expedition, a three-month river trip down the Green and Colorado rivers, including the first official U.S. government-sponsored passage through the Grand Canyon.
John Wesley Powell
