Exploration & Colonization Flashcards
Displacement
when a group of people are forced out of where they live to a new location due to the effects of colonization
Mercantilism
an economic theory that a nation’s power depends on its ability to increase wealth by increasing exports and receiving precious metals
Protestant Reformation
a religious movement in the 1500s that rejected or changed some Roman Catholic teachings and practices and established to Protestant Church
plantations
Huge farms that required a large labor force to grow crops
Line of Demarcation
This was the line drawn in the Atlantic Ocean by Alexander VI in 1493 to divide the New World that gave Portugal anything east of the line and Spain anything west of the line
Encomienda System
It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to Christianity
Bartolome de Las Casas
Dominican priest who spoke out against mistreatment of Native Americans
Christopher Columbus
An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the “New World,” even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the “New World.” The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other voyages until the time of his death in 1503.
Columbian Exchange
a global trade of people, goods, technology, ideas, and diseases that occurred during the 1500s and 1600s
Northwest Passage
A much-sought sea route between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, located along the north coast of North America
Treaty of Tordesillas
an agreement which moved the Line of Demarcation 800 miles west in 1493 granting the Portuguese most of Brazil and all territory east, and the Spanish the rest of South America and all territory further west
Charter
a document from the sovereign granting a right; a government permit or license
Hernan Cortes
Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain.
Spanish Armada
“Invincible” group of ships sent by King Philip II of Spain to invade England in 1588; Armada was defeated by smaller, more maneuverable English; marked the fall of Spanish dominance in the New World
conquistador
Spanish explorer in the Americas during the 1500s
Fur Trade
European powers sought to capitalize on popularity of fur in Europe so they traded animal pelts (especially beaver skins) from Native Americans for European goods in North America
New Netherlands
a Dutch colony in North America along the Hudson and lower Delaware rivers
New France
French colony from the 1500s to 1763, in present-day Canada
Louisiana
Mississippi river area first explored by the Spanish in the 1500s, but settled and claimed by the French in the 1600s as part of the French Empire in North America
armada
a fleet of warships
Caravel
a small, fast Portuguese ship used during the age of exploration and usually having three sails
export
a good sent from one country to another in trade
Headright
land grant
Missions
religious communities where farming was carried out and Native Americans were converted to Christianity
