Exploration And Early Colonization Flashcards
Columbian Exchange
The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Asia, and Africa
Joint-stock company
A business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit
Charter
A written contract issued by the government giving the holder the right to establish a colony
Jamestown
The first permanent English settlement founded in the New World
Indentured Servant
A person who sold his or her labor in exchange for passage to America, would usually have to work from 7-10 years
House of Burgesses
Created in 1619, it was the first representative assembly in the American colonies
Who is responsible for the beginning of European exploration of the New World?
Columbus
Spain in North America:
Monarchs began racing to find a ____________
Northwest Passage
Spain in North America:
What are the 3 G’s?
Gold
Glory
God
Spain in North America:
What did Spain use to conquer the natives?
Horses and superior weapons
Spain in North America:
What did Spain use to justify their domination of native groups?
Religion
Spain in North America:
What 3 areas of the US did Spain take over?
Florida, Texas, and entire Southwestern United States
France in North America
-found wealth in Fur, especially beaver
- established a trading relationship with native tribes
The Netherlands in North America
-established a fur trade
-colony was established and run as a business
-welcomed people from other countries and practice religious toleration
The Netherlands in North America:
Who was hired by the Dutch to find a North Passage
Henry Hudson
England in North America:
-England became involved in a series of religious wars with Spain
-wanted a share of land and riches
England in North America:
After England’s defeat of the Spanish Armada, who attempts to colonize the New World?
Queen Elizabeth I
England in North America:
England would have a failed attempt at colonizing _________, but would find success at ________ and ______________
Roanoke
Jamestown
Plymouth
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
-1588-battle between Spain and England
-England won due to bad weather and out maneuvered the ships
-this made England the top power and control the oceans
Defeat of the Spanish Armada:
Who stole gold/riches from Spanish ships
Sir Francis Drake
3 major reasons for European colonization of the New World
1.religious freedom
2.economic opportunities
3.political freedom
What countries were involved in the exploration of the New World?
England
France
Spain
Netherlands
What made Jamestown significant?
It was the first permanent English settlement in the New World
What were the problems faced at Jamestown?
-mosquitoes
-starvation
-cold winter
-Powhatans
-bad drinking water
-settled near swamp
What was the main cash crop of Jamestown?
Tobacco
Who brought tobacco to Jamestown?
John Rolfe
Who saved Jamestown from destruction?
John Smith
How did John Smith save Jamestown from destruction?
He forces a work program
He said if you don’t work, you don’t eat
He initiated trading relationships with the Powhatans
What was the name of the government in Jamestown? Why was it important?
Virginia House of Burgesses
First form of representative government in the colonies
Puritan Beliefs:
-wanted to reform the Church of England
-powerful and rich
-harsh in their treatment of people who were not Puritan
-persecuted for questioning church authority
Who was the Puritan leader?
John Winthrop
Pilgrim beliefs:
-Puritan Separatists
-no longer believed in Anglican Church
-they were persecuted in England
-they came to new world seeking religious freedom
Who was the leader of the Pilgrams?
William Bradford
The Mayflower Compact
-provided a government since settlers had landed outside the rule of a king
-signed by all of the men on board the Mayflower
-it was the beginning of self government and majority rule**
Native American help
The Native Americans gave pilgrims seeds and planting advice
Who was the Native American who helped the Pilgrims survive?
Squanto
Puritan government structure
General Court - stockholders
Extended to male church members
Elect representatives to General Court
