Exploration And Colonialisation Flashcards
5 reasons that drake circumnavigated the world
Revenge Financial gain Drake was a puritan Wanted to establish new trade routes Hoped to fund new lands
Why did drake hope to find new lands to claim?
For the queen, this would make England more powerful
Drake was a Puritan (why did drake circumnavigated the world)
Wanted to weaken catholic power, weaker Spain could also make England more safer from attack.
Revenge (why did drake circumnavigated the world)
For Spanish attacks on hawking fleet in 1568, he planed to attack Spanish settlements
Financial gain (why did drake circumnavigated the world)
Money for himself and reward courtiers who had invested in his expeditions
the Queen was an investor but her support was kept secret from Spain
Wanted to establish new trade routes (why did drake circumnavigated the world)
Find new markets where England merchants could sell goods overseas
Why did exploration increase
New tech in ship design Conflict with Spain Desire to spread Protestantism and civilise Opportunity to make money Increased experience of sailors New navigation technology Expansion of trade
Conflict with Spain (why did exploration increase)
English desire to attack and plunder territories and John hawking saw thus as an opportunity to attack again
New learning and knowledge (why did exploration increase)
- Printing press led to publication of books (Richard hawkleys the printable navigations, voyages and discoveries of the english nation.
- the renaissance brought about a “thirst for knowledge”
Desire to spread Protestantism and civilise (why did exploration increase)
- achived by holding back the expansion of the catholic enemies
- Individual people undertook forming to far-off lands civilised native people in new world
Opportunity to make money (why did exploration increase)
- sailors could make enough money to get out of poverty
- large profits to be made from supporting piracy
Increased experience of sailors (why did exploration increase)
- used to smuggle or even piracy
- experience Captain such as Drake were successful leaders and also inspired great loyalty
New navigation technology (why did exploration increase)
- New more accurate maps such as mereators with latitude and longitude
- improvements in Astro labe use and magnetic it compass to the sir John dees techniques
Expansion of trade (why did exploration increase)
Trade collapsed needed to find new markets to sell goods so they establish trade routes with others
Nearly all trade was concentrating on exporting wool and cloth
What % of all exports was woollen cloth
75%
When trade collapse where did they establish trade as far as
Russian + india
New technology in ship design (why did exploration increase)
Massive galleon and compact caravert
Stronger faster ships increased carrying capacity and triangle sails (catch stronger winds)
Significance of drakes circumnavigation (5)
- nova albion
- encouraging the colonisation of america
- encouraging exploration
- Establish england as a great sea faring nation
- anglo-spanish relations damaged
What had come to nothing in the early 1570s (Colonialisation)
Plans to establish colonies in America
What year during drakes circumnavigation did E. give sir humphrey gilbrt premission to voyage to NA
1578
Gilbert was bankrupt, yet he prepared to set out again, what year?
1583
Drake returned to England with wealth what did this encourage
Investors continue trying to establish their own colonies
What damaged anglo-spanish relations due to circumnavigation
Attacking Spanish colonies angerd Philip
Elizabeth knighting Drake on the Golden him to send a clear message to Philip
Philip regarded Drake as a pirate and Elizabeth’s provocative actions as scandalous
Drake set out 5 ships and when he reached the pecific hoe mnay did he have left and in what year
1 (golden hind) , 1578
In the 1578 voyage who was executed by drake and why
Captain doughty, accused of mutiny
What did sailors share among each other
Logs of voyages
Drake + crew survived part of raiding Spanish ships and colonies in NA, how far is it believed they made it and what information did they get
North Vancouver, lots of information on Americanas
After exploring furthest reaches of North American Pacific coast what boat was in urgent need of repair and in what year 
‘Golden hind’ june 1579
When Drake landed North America what were the locals response (novia albion)
Locals gave great hospitality, they perform the ceremony for Drake , the name the region novis albion
Elizabeth didn’t recognise agreements made by the pope almost a century earlier what were these agreements?
Gave americans to the spanish and portuguese
What did Elizabeth give the right to explore, and who didnt she consider
Any land that no other Christian leader claimed, native Americans
What did drakes kind welcome encourage
Others that Europeans could settle/rule them

Spain (why was the colonisation of Virginia significant?)
- provided England a base too attack Spain.
- challenged Spains power
- close enough to Spanish colonies to launch attacks but mot too close
Trade (why was the colonisation of Virginia significant?)
- establishing new trade routes
- more markets, The reliance on Spanish Netherlands had left to do difficulties after the slump in the world trade and they want to trade elsewhere
Resources (why was the colonisation of Virginia significant?)
- new goods and recourses
- agriculture
- sugarcane, tobacco, fruit, spices and potatoes
- if they owned a part of the new world they could take whenever, if they didn’t own it they would have to rely on Spain
British empire (why was the colonisation of Virginia significant?)
Even though Elizabeth didn’t achieve the British Empire it doesn’t mean it couldn’t of been her motive the setting of the colonisation
Setting up colonies (why was the colonisation of Virginia significant?)
If they set up several colonies it will set up training for the new world and they didn’t want New World trade to be dominated by Spain, they were trial running on testing colonies to build an empire that long-term plan was to set up numerous colonies if successful they roll out the rest of the new world. 
Why did Elizabeth like raleigh and how did she reward him
His dashing and flamboyant personality
Kite him, queens vice admiral, bodyguard
What happened in previous attempts to settle in North American 1578 and 1583
1578 failed to find any where to settle
1583 ship sank and sir Humphrey Gilbert died
How did Raleigh convince Elizabeth to send me their expedition in 1584
By naming it Virginia in her honour
Why would e. Not ket Raleigh go on the expedition
In case he died
What responsibilities did Raleigh have the expedition
Organising and raising money
Promoting and recruiting settlers
appointing governor of Virginia
developing plan for settlement
How did the fact-finding expedition help Raleigh in the path to the main expedition
Used findings and experience and persuade people to sign up to the main one using the exploratory one
Why mIght English ideas about the native population become a problem
If they believed they could rule in control then it would create conflict in the new world make it more difficult to settle
Where did they attempt to settle (1585-86) and (1587)
Roanoke island
Why was the second attempt thought to be in better prepared
They knew what to expect and brought people willing to work hard
Why did relations with Native Americans decline (1587)
They attacked locals as retaliation to Greif howes death
However it was a mistake they killed remaining friendly natives from croationa settlements instead
Why was what happened in Roanoke Island a mystery
When John Wright returned after updating Riley it was deserted in 1590 what happened to the colony was mystery there was no trace of colonies yeah that was of the word Croatoan was found carved on a post in a nearby settlement
