explantions for the suxxess nd fialure of dieting a Flashcards
the spiral model
Heatherton and polivy
proposed that dieting behaviour is a chain of linked events
dieting often begins in adolescence when individuals (women) experience body dissatisfaction
first time dieters experience soem success because they temporality lose weight
lasting weight loss is rare s ultimately weight is regained and diet fails
some give up altogether but most attubte the failure to soem poor sal defiance t - didn’t try hard enough
most do not rethink but instead stick to the plan only next time they eta even less
ever-greater restriction of food intake has physical and psychological effects
dieter experiences more frustration and emotional distress which makes them more vulnerable to disinhibited eatign
metabolic processes in the body change so that weight loss becomes physically more difficult to achieve
exmaple - ghrelin levels increase (stimulates appetite) and leptin levels decrease (Increases appetite) after significant weight loss
results inf rutherford failure followed by repeated attempts to diet harder
lowering of self esteem and increase in depression over time
ironic processes theory
Wigner
theory of ironic processes
stems form a study where he asked people not to think about a white bear and found this almost guaranteed they would think about one
paradoxical outcome of trying to suppress a thought is to make it more likely
certain foo become more salient (stand out)
when a dieter labels home forbidden
attempting to distract yourself form thinking about forbidden foods requires mental activity
leaves you lacking the cognitive processing capacity to suppress the thought which inevitably repeats
this is why being on a diet can be the same time so all consuming anf self defeating
disinhibition anf dieting
most diets place limits on food intake
when people restrain their eating they become vulnerable to both internal and external food related cues
spiral model points out that continuous restraint leads to emotional frutstion anf distress
dieter contanclty reminded of foods they are not supposed to eat
means they think about food more than usual
these processes lead to disinhibition
dieter loses control and overeats so they lose no more weight that someone who was not dieting and may even gain some weight
strenght
real world application
strength of spiral model is that it suggest how dieting can become successful
die fries several points at which the indivual can break out of the spiral
heatherton and Polivy
people who diet to lose weight often have low self esteem
not true of people who restrain their eating to avoid putting on weight - their self esteem is higher
low self esteem that leads to disinvited eating
so preventing low self esteem can heal avoid diet failure
the best way to dieting success is to promote self esteem by ending attempts to lose wight and accepting oneself
strenght
support for ironic processes theory
Adriannse et al
partipants were students who were tying to cut down their intake of unhealthy snacks
presented with diet intentions expressed in a negative form
after h partipants were exposes to these statements they kept a snack diary during the following week
researchers found an ironic rebound effect
partipants ate unhealthy snacks more often anf consumed more calories than a control group
finding shows how just thinking of oneself as dieting can lead to failure of the diet
limitation
indivual differences
do not account for indivual differences
Ogden
theories do not explain why soem people successed in losing weight even when they are preiciiped with food including people with anorexia
locus of control
internal believ that wight loss is contingent o their own efforts and they have control over success or failure
externals - do not believ they have control so are less likely to succeseed
the explanation cannot offer a vernal prediction of who is likely to fail or succeed in losing wirght
