EXPLANATION 1: DOPAMINE HYPOTHESIS-EVALUATION AO3

Question 1

SUPPORTING EVIDENCE:
TIMMONS AND HAMILTON

Answer 1

EVIDENCE COMES FROM THE FACT THAT AMPHETAMINE INCREASES THE AMOUNT OF DOPAMINE. TIMMONS AND HAMILTON REPORTED THAT HIGH DOSES OF AMPHETAMINE (A DRUG WHICH STIMULATES DA ACTIVITY) CAN RESULT IN AN ACUTE PSYCHOSIS RESEMBLING SCHIZOPHRENIA IN CLINICALLY NORMAL PEOPLE

Question 2

SUPPORTING EVIDENCE:
GJEDDE AND WONG

Answer 2

THEY FOUND THAT SCHIZOPHRENICS HAVE MORE THAN TWICE AS MANY DOPAMINE RECEPTORS THAN CONTROLS (CLINICALLY NORMAL PEOPLE)

Question 3

SUPPORTING EVIDENCE:
IVERSEN

Answer 3

HE REPORTED THAT POST-MORTEMS ON SCHIZOPHRENICS FOUND EXCESSIVE DOPAMINE IN THE LIMBIC SYSTEM SUGGESTING THAT THE NEUROTRANSMITTER IS INVOLVED IN THE DISORDER

Question 4

SUPPORTING EVIDENCE:
BARLOW AND DURAND

Answer 4

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIPSYCHOTICS PROVIDES SUPPORT FOR THE DOPAMINE EXPLANATIONS. BARLOW AND DURAND REPORT THAT CHLOROPROMAZINE IS EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING SCHIZOPHRENIC SYMPTOMS IN ABOUT 60% OF CASES-THIS WORKS BY BLOCKING DOPAMINE RECEPTORS, SO PREVENTING DOPAMINE-RECEIVING NEURONS FROM FIRING, REDUCING DOPAMINE LEVELS

Question 5

WEAKENING EVIDENCE:
DAVIS ET AL

Answer 5

HE REPORTED THAT HIGH LEVELS OF DOPAMINE ARE NOT FOUND IN ALL SCHIZOPHRENICS, AND THE MODERN ANTI-SCHIZOPHRENIC DRUG CLOZAPINE, WITH VERY LITTLE DOPAMINE BLOCKING ACTIVITY, WORKS EFFECTIVELY AGAINST THE DISORDER

Question 6

WEAKENING EVIDENCE:

Answer 6

THE EXCESSIVE DOPAMINE EXPLANATION DOES NOT EXPLAIN WHETHER THE EXCESS DOPAMINE ACTIVITY WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE POSITIVE SYMPTOMS, NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS, OR BOTH. DRUGS DIDN’T WORK FOR INDIVIDUALS WHO HAD NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS.

Question 7

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES:
(METABOLITE RESEARCH)

Question 8

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES:
(CAUSE AND EFFECT?)

Question 8

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES:
(COPOLOV AND CROOK/PET SCANS)

Question 9

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES:

Question 10

REDUCTIONIST:

Question 11

DETERMINISTIC: