Explain The Core Principles Of Genetic Inheritance

Question 1

Describe inheritance

Answer 1

Mechanism in which characteristics are transmitted from one generation to the next. The way that genes combine to produce characteristics follow certain patterns, which can be shown in its simplest form by the inheritance of the ability, or inability, to roll the tongue.

Question 2

Explain protein synthesis.

Answer 2

Protein synthesis starts off with transcription.

Transcription: takes place in the nucleus
1. DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between the bases of the strands.
2. RNA polymerase moves along the DNA molecule transcribing the DNA into RNA.
3. DNA sequence of bases transcribed onto mRNA.
4. mRNA moved into the cytoplasm for translation.

Translation:
1. Codons Of mRNA are being decoded by the ribosome.
2. Ribosome moves along the segment of RNA, adding the appropriate anticodons to the codons on the mRNA to make a chain of amino acids called a polypeptide.
3. Anticodon are present on a tRNA molecule that contains an amino acid from the free amino acids in the cytoplasm.
4. tRNA attaches to the specific codon and a peptide Bond is formed next to the amino acid attached the tRNA on the next codon. Only two tRNA molecules can be attached at a time.
5. Once the amino acid is attached with a peptide bond, the tRNA leaves the ribosome.
6. Once the polypeptide chain is complete, post-translational processing into a functional protein.