Explain and analyse 3 prerogative powers of the PM

Question 1

Ability to appoint ministers:

Answer 1

First, the PM’s prerogative to appoint ministers is a crucial power. This allows the PM to shape the government by selecting individuals to head various departments and ministries. The ability to appoint, promote, or dismiss ministers enables the PM to create a cohesive and loyal cabinet that can effectively implement the government’s agenda. This power also extends to appointing peers to the House of Lords, which can influence the legislative process. The strategic appointment of ministers can strengthen the PM’s leadership, ensuring the support of key political allies and experts, thus enhancing the stability and effectiveness of the government. However, this power is constrained by political realities, such as the need to maintain party unity and the influence of party factions.

Question 2

Deploy armed forces:

Answer 2

Secondly, the PM’s power to deploy the armed forces is a significant aspect of national security and foreign policy. This prerogative allows the PM to respond swiftly to international crises, threats, or humanitarian needs without the immediate need for parliamentary approval. For instance, the deployment of troops for peacekeeping missions or in response to acts of terrorism can be decided by the PM, underscoring the executive’s capacity to act decisively. However, this power is subject to scrutiny and debate. In recent years, there has been increasing pressure for parliamentary approval of military actions, reflecting a shift towards greater accountability and the need for democratic oversight in matters of war and peace.

Question 3

Ability to call elections:

Answer 3

Lastly, the power to call general elections is a vital prerogative power, traditionally allowing the PM to decide the timing of elections to maximize political advantage. The Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 aimed to limit this power by setting fixed dates for general elections every five years, but it still allows for early elections under certain circumstances, such as a vote of no confidence or a two-thirds majority in the House of Commons. This power can be used to capitalize on favorable political conditions or to resolve parliamentary deadlock. The calling of a snap election, as seen in 2017 and 2019, demonstrates how this power can be used strategically to strengthen the government’s position. However, the necessity of parliamentary consent introduces a check on the PM’s unilateral decision-making, ensuring a balance between executive flexibility and democratic accountability.

Question 4

Conc:

Answer 4

In conclusion, the prerogative powers of appointing ministers, deploying the armed forces, and calling general elections underscore the PM’s significant role in shaping government policy and responding to national and international challenges. While these powers provide the PM with considerable authority, they are balanced by political constraints and evolving norms of parliamentary oversight, ensuring that the exercise of these powers remains within the bounds of democratic governance.