Experiments/Metrology

Question 1

For continuous improvement in product/process quality it is fundamental to

Answer 1

Understand the PROCESS BEHAVIOUR; the AMOUNT OF VARIABILITY and its IMPACT ON PROCESS.

Question 2

the objective of a carefully planned experiment is to: (2)

Answer 2

• understand which set of variables in a process affect the performance most
• then determine the best levels for these variables to obtain satisfactory output functional performance.

Question 3

In a engineering environment, experiments are conducted to

Answer 3

explore, estimate or confirm

Question 4

Can also set the levels of unimportant variables to their most

Answer 4

Economic setting

Question 5

For the successful application of an industrial designed experiment, the following skills are required:

Answer 5

• Planning skills
• Statistical skills
• Teamwork skills
• Engineering skills

Question 6

why do an experiment:

Answer 6

• When analysing a process, experiments are used to evaluate which process inputs have a significant impact on the process output, and what the target level of those inputs should be to achieve a desired result
• Experiments can be designed in many different ways to collect this information. This process is called Design of Experiments (DOE) – or:
  Designed Experiments or Experimental Design

Question 7

A designed experiment aims at (6)

Answer 7

1) Comparing alternatives
2) Identifying those significant inputs (factors) affecting an output (response) - separating the vital few from the trivial many
3) Achieving an optimal process output (response)
4) Reducing variability
5) Minimizing, maximizing, or targeting an output
6) Achieve product & process robustness

Question 8

Experiment Design: Strategy (3)

Answer 8

1) The factors to be tested
2) The levels of those factors
3) The structure and layout of experimental runs, or conditions

Question 9

Error refers to

Answer 9

all unexplained variation that is either within an experiment run or between experiment runs and associated with level settings changing.

Question 10

Uncontrollable factors that induce variation under normal operating conditions are referred to as

Answer 10

“Noise Factors”

Question 11

Two factors that vary together may be highly correlated without one causing the other and they may both be caused by a

Answer 11

third factor

Question 12

Randomization and stratification, three simple rules:

Answer 12

• If you can (and want to), fix a variable
• If you don’t fix a variable, stratify it
• If you can neither fix nor stratify a variable, randomize it

Question 13

In a factorial experiment several independent factors are controlled and their effects are investigated at each of

Answer 13

2 or more levels

Question 14

The factorial design may be appropriate to use when

Answer 14

When two or more variables being studied have an interaction effect