Experiments ch 8

Question 1

types of experiment

Answer 1

empirically based and theory-directed

Question 2

3 requirements for causality

Answer 2

temporal order, association, no alternative explanation

Question 3

types of comparisons

Answer 3

within-group
between-groups
within-subjects

Question 4

parts of the experiment

Answer 4

treatment or independent variable
dependent variable
control group
experimental group
random assignment
pretest
posttest

Question 5

types of experimental designs

Answer 5

classic, preexperimental, quasi- experimental

Question 6

types of preexperimental designs and their characteristics

Answer 6

one-shot case studt= 1 group, treatment, posttest
one-group pretest- posttest= 1 group, treatment, posttest, pretest
static group comparison= 2 groups, treatment, posttest

Question 7

types of quai-experimental designs and their characteristics

Answer 7

two-group posttest-only= 2 gr, treatment, random ass, posttest
interrupted time-series= many measurements before and after treatment
equivalent time-series= many measurements before and after many treatments
latin square= the influence of indep variables in different sequences or time orders influence the dep variables
Solomon 4 group= classical+ two-group posttest-only
Factorial= 2 or more indep variables in combination and 2 gr, random ass, at least posttest

Question 8

when is the internal validity of the experiment threatened

Answer 8

when something else rather than the indep variable influences the dep variable

Question 9

what are the threats to validity of an experiment

Answer 9

selection bias
history
maturation
testing
instrumentation
attrition
statistical regression
diffusion of treatment
compensatory behaviour
expectancy effects
placebo effect

Question 10

3 forms of generalisation

Answer 10

population, naturalistic, theoretical