Experiments and hypothesis Flashcards
What are the 6 ethical guidelines?
Consent Deception Confidentiality & privacy Debrief Withdrawal Protection from harm
What are the 5 steps of the scientific method?
1 - Ask a question 2 - State a hypothesis 3 - Conduct an experiment 4 - Analyse the results 5 - Make a conclusion
What is a hypothesis?
A clear, precise testable statement stating the relationship between the variables to be investigated.
What is a non-directional hypothesis?
Direction is not predicted, the groups will differ.
What is a directional hypothesis?
Predicts the expected direction of the results, one group will be higher than the other.
What is generalisability?
If a sample is representative of a target population then we can generalise these results and conclusions to the whole target population.
What are the 3 distinctions of observations?
- Naturalistic/controlled
- Overt/covert
- Participant/non-participant
What is an experimental hypothesis?
Prediction of a difference in the DV between two conditions of the IV.
What is a correlational hypothesis?
Prediction of a relationship between two co-variables.
What is an alternate hypothesis?
The actual hypothesis you are testing.
What is a null hypothesis?
Prediction your hypothesis is wrong: ‘there will be no difference/no relationship’
What is a directional (one-tailed) hypothesis?
Prediction of direction of outcome.
What is a non-directional (two tailed) hypothesis?
Prediction of a general difference or relationship.
Null hypotheses are always non-directional.
