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AL Psychology (OCR) > Experiments > Flashcards

Experiments Flashcards

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1
Q

Lab experiment

A

an experiment conducted in a controlled environment

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2
Q

Field experiment

A

an experiment conducted in a natural environment with the IV being manipulated by the researcher

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3
Q

Quasi experiment

A

an experiment conducted (in a natural or lab setting) where the researcher has no control over the IV

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4
Q

Control condition

A

a level of the IV where everything is kept the same without anything being manipulated

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5
Q

Independent variable

A

the variable manipulated by the researcher

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6
Q

Dependent variable

A

the variable measured by the researcher

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7
Q

Extraneous variable

A

any variable other than the IV affecting the DV

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8
Q

Independent measures design

A

separate groups of people for each level of the IV
usually a control group and an experimental group

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9
Q

Repeated measures design

A

all participants take part in all the conditions

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10
Q

Matched groups/pairs design

A

participants are tested in terms of variables relevant to the study
participants are then matched and one member of each pair goes in each group

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11
Q

Controls

A

anything in an experiment kept the same across all conditions to prevent it from interfering with the results

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12
Q

Order effects

A

a byproduct of using a repeated measures design
the order of the conditions having an effect on the participants behaviour

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13
Q

Counterbalancing

A

a technique used to deal with order effects in a repeated measures design
divide the participants into two groups and have each group perform a slightly different task, so that any imbalance in the task is canceled out

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14
Q

Demand characteristics

A

cues that might indicate the study aims to participants

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15
Q

Researcher effects

A

when a researcher influences the outcome of any research they are conducting

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16
Q

Single blind trial

A

when the participants don’t know the aims of the experiment

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17
Q

Double blind trial

A

when the participants and the researcher don’t know the aims of the experiment

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18
Q

Researcher bias

A

when the researcher’s expectations influence the experimental design or data collection process

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19
Q

Alternative hypothesis

A

statement of a relationship between variables (there is a difference)

20
Q

Null hypothesis

A

statement of no relationship between variables (there is no difference)

21
Q

Two tailed alternative hypothesis

A

an alternative hypothesis with no direction stated

22
Q

One tailed alternative hypothesis

A

an alternative hypothesis with a direction stated

23
Q

Operationalisation

A

making variables clearly defined and measurable

24
Q

Target Population

A

the people you would like to study

25
Q

Sample

A

subset of target population which aims to be representative of that population

26
Q

Opportunity sampling

A

selecting people that are available in that moment

27
Q

Self - selected sampling

A

participants volunteer themselves for the study

28
Q

Random sampling

A

putting all members of the target population into a lottery method so that every member has an equal chance of being selected

29
Q

Snowball sampling

A

asking a group of participants to recruit other participants

30
Q

Primary data

A

data collected first hand by the researcher

31
Q

Secondary data

A

data collected by someone other than the researcher

32
Q

Qualitative data

A

data in words

33
Q

Quantitative data

A

data in numbers

34
Q

Measures of dispersion

A

Range - lowest score minus highest score
Standard deviation - the spread of scores around the mean

35
Q

Variance

A

a measure of how much values in a data set differ from the mean
squared

36
Q

Standard deviation

A

a measure which shows how much the values in the data differ from the mean
unsquared

37
Q

Informed consent

A

Researchers should obtain consent from the participants

38
Q

Debrief

A

After the research is over, the aims, procedure and findings should be able explained to the participants

39
Q

Protection from harm

A

Participants should not be placed in any significant danger

40
Q

Deception

A

Participants should not be deliberately misled about the aims of the study

41
Q

Confidentiality

A

Participants and the data obtained from them should be kept anonymous

42
Q

Right to withdraw

A

Participants have the right to leave at any time in the study and remove their data

43
Q

Measures of central tendency

A

Mean
Median
Mode

44
Q

Raw data table

A

Table showing the data collected in the study before it has been processed by measures

45
Q

Descriptive characteristics

A

An observational research method

AL Psychology (OCR) (10 decks)

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